In an abrasion process, debris in the basal ice scrapes along the bed, polishing and gouging the underlying rocks, similar to sandpaper on wood.

Much of the western two-thirds of the country underlying the Pliocene – Pleistocene volcanics consist of Precambrian basement rocks.

Residual soils, are soils that develop from their underlying parent rocks and have the same general chemistry as those rocks.

Desert varnish often obscures the identity of the underlying rock, and different rocks have varying abilities to accept and retain varnish.

The underlying rocks of the West African craton are covered in the northwest by sediments of the Taoudeni basin, with two main outcrops of crystalline rocks in the northern Reguibat shield in Mauritania and the southern Leo shield which includes the Bougouni and Kaneiba outcrops, both of which contain valuable minerals.

In pressure release, also known as unloading, overlying materials ( not necessarily rocks ) are removed ( by erosion, or other processes ), which causes underlying rocks to expand and fracture parallel to the surface.

All the rocks underlying the surface are more than 300 million years old, but the coastline as seen today has been much subjected to the effects of coastal and river action and, in places, to events which occurred during the Ice Age.

The underlying geology consists of rocks rich in quartz, feldspar, and mica.

The spring aquifer held a large quantity of water due to the great number of fractures, solution channels, and interstices in the rocks and underlying sands, although the aeral extent of the Big Spring sink is estimated to be only in diameter, with the main area only wide and almost circular, with some ellipticity trending towards the west.

The massive weight of these sediments could be softening the underlying rocks, making them pliable enough to plunge.

Mount Taylor in western New Mexico is of similar age, but here dissection seems to have advanced farther, probably because of the weaker nature of the underlying rocks.

An ophiolite () is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.

The underlying rocks are dipping slightly to the east.

Dun Mountain was given its name because of the dun colour of the underlying ultramafic rocks.

All three regions have distinct bedrock geology, and the underlying rocks get progressively younger to the south.

In 1831 he went to the border of England and Wales, to attempt to discover whether the greywacke rocks underlying the Old Red Sandstone could be grouped into a definite order of succession.

The GRUNT's objectives were to study the underlying surface of the Martian cryolithospheres, the determination of the depth of occurrence of ice-bearing rocks and their geographic distribution, and the estimation of dielectric parameters of soil.

With much of the British Isles under water again, sedimentary rocks were deposited and can now be found underlying much of England from the Cleveland Hills of Yorkshire to the Jurassic Coast in Dorset.

The bush was growing in a small crevice where water was seeping through cracks in the underlying rocks.

Shafts were drilled deep into the volcanic rocks underlying the atolls where nuclear devices were detonated.

The underlying rocks are the coal measures of the Manchester Coalfield.

Over a relatively short period of time, usually about four to twelve weeks, the worker must be able to shift the focus, back and forth, between immediate external stressful exigencies ( `` precipitating stress '' ) and the key, emotionally relevant issues ( `` underlying problem '' ) which are, often in a dramatic preconscious breakthrough, reactivated by the crisis situation, and hence once again amenable to resolution.

These, he said, are `` two of the principal underlying causes for family breakups leading to ADC ''.

Central to his behaviour in the later novels is the underlying assumption that particular crimes are only committed by particular types of people.

While his predecessors Thales and Anaximander proposed that the arche, the underlying material of the world, were water and the ambiguous substance apeiron, respectively, Anaximenes asserted that air was this primary substance of which all other things are made.

These definitions are designed to be consistent with the underlying Euclidean geometry.

Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and these water-soluble hormones are the major hormones underlying the fight-or-flight response.

Some of their works are considered precursors of archaeoastronomy ; antiquarians interpreted the astronomical orientation of the ruins that dotted the English countryside as William Stukeley did of Stonehenge in 1740, while John Aubrey in 1678 and Henry Chauncy in 1700 sought similar astronomical principles underlying the orientation of churches.

Amorphous phases are important constituents of thin films, which are solid layers of a few nm to some tens of µm thickness deposited upon an underlying substrate.

He could then make money either selling some of the more expensive options that are openly traded in the market or delta hedging his exposure to the underlying shares.

Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas overgrips have only a small patch of adhesive at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension ; overgrips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging the underlying material.

There are various norms that can be placed on the tensor product of the underlying vector spaces, amongst others the projective cross norm and injective cross norm.

You will see a multitude of tiny particles mingling in a multitude of ways ... their dancing is an actual indication of underlying movements of matter that are hidden from our sight ...

Compared to other pharmacological treatments, benzodiazepines are twice as likely to lead to a relapse of the underlying condition upon discontinuation.

His General Introduction says " There are no ' verbs ' in Basic English ", with the underlying assumption that, as noun use in English is very straightforward but verb use / conjugation is not, the elimination of verbs would be a welcome simplification.

In this new material, fullerene-like " buds " are covalently bonded to the outer sidewalls of the underlying carbon nanotube.

In Eleusis, for example, players play single cards, and are told whether the play was legal or illegal, in an attempt to discover the underlying rules made up by the dealer.

The brain mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood, but there is substantial evidence that alterations in the brain system that uses the chemical neurotransmitter serotonin play an essential role.

Once a person in a coma is stable, investigations are performed to assess the underlying cause.

The flat faces ( also called facets ) of a euhedral crystal are oriented in a specific way relative to the underlying atomic arrangement of the crystal: They are planes of relatively low Miller index.

Other ( typically less accurate ) methods are called empirical or semi-empirical because they employ experimental results, often from acceptable models of atoms or related molecules, to approximate some elements of the underlying theory.

These range from simplified forms of the first-principles equations that are easier or faster to solve, to approximations limiting the size of the system ( for example, periodic boundary conditions ), to fundamental approximations to the underlying equations that are required to achieve any solution to them at all.