Thus, while most organic acids are deprotonated by the ionization of a polar hydrogen-to-oxygen bond, usually accompanied by some form of resonance stabilization ( resulting in a carboxylate ion ), uric acid is deprotonated at a nitrogen atom and uses a tautomeric keto / hydroxy group as an electron-withdrawing group to increase the pK < sub > 1 </ sub > value.

The larger the value of pK < sub > a </ sub >, the smaller the extent of dissociation.

A weak acid has a pK < sub > a </ sub > value in the approximate range − 2 to 12 in water.

Acids with a pK < sub > a </ sub > value of less than about − 2 are said to be strong acids ; a strong acid is almost completely dissociated in aqueous solution, to the extent that the concentration of the undissociated acid becomes undetectable.

The acid dissociation constant for an acid is a direct consequence of the underlying thermodynamics of the dissociation reaction ; the pK < sub > a </ sub > value is directly proportional to the standard Gibbs energy change for the reaction.

: ( in tissues-high CO < sub > 2 </ sub > concentration )< ref > Carbonic acid has a pK < sub > a </ sub > of around 6. 36 ( the exact value depends on the medium ) so at pH 7 a small percentage of the bicarbonate is protonated.

The relative ability of a molecule to give up a proton is measured by its pK < sub > a </ sub > value.

A low pK < sub > a </ sub > value indicates that the compound is acidic and will easily give up its proton to a base.

The pK value for this reaction shows that is can be ignored at pH > 4.

An Immobiline is a weak acid or base defined by its pK value.

Humic acids behave as mixtures of dibasic acids, with a pK < sub > 1 </ sub > value around 4 for protonation of carboxyl groups and around 8 for protonation of phenolate groups.

The enol proton has a pK < sub > a </ sub > value of 13. 02.

The acid dissociation constant K < sub > a </ sub > is an indicator of the acid strength: stronger acids have a higher K < sub > a </ sub > value ( and a lower pK < sub > a </ sub > value ).

The higher the affinity of the ligand for the receptor the lower the K < sub > d </ sub > value ( and the higher the pK < sub > d </ sub > value ).

It has a wide buffering range, from 6 to 9. 5 due to its two pK < sub > a </ sub > values which are close in value.

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

The numerical value of K < sub > a </ sub > is equal to the concentration of the products divided by the concentration of the reactants, where the reactant is the acid ( HA ) and the products are the conjugate base and H < sup >+</ sup >.

As the speed of light in meters per second ( c < sub > 0 </ sub >) is fixed in the International System of Units, this measurement of the speed of light in AU / d ( c < sub > AU </ sub >) also determines the value of the astronomical unit in meters ( A ):

Neither G nor M < sub >☉</ sub > can be measured to high accuracy in SI units, but the value of their product is known very precisely from observing the relative positions of planets ( Kepler's Third Law expressed in terms of Newtonian gravitation ).

Since n grows faster than log < sub > 2 </ sub >( n ), there must exist a value n < sub > 0 </ sub > such that

The U. S. survey acre is about 4, 046. 872 609 874 252 square metres ; its exact value ( m < sup > 2 </ sup >) is based on an inch defined by 1 metre = 39. 37 inches exactly, as established by the Mendenhall Order.

The value V < sub > d </ sub > is given by

) Then X < sub > i </ sub > is the value ( or realization ) produced by a given run of the process at time i. Suppose that the process is further known to have defined values for mean μ < sub > i </ sub > and variance σ < sub > i </ sub >< sup > 2 </ sup > for all times i. Then the definition of the autocorrelation between times s and t is

Because of this keyword stropping, it was possible for AA to allow spaces in variable names, such as < code >< u > integer </ u > previous value </ code >.

Thus, all the antiderivatives of x < sup > 2 </ sup > can be obtained by changing the value of C in F ( x ) = ( x < sup > 3 </ sup >/ 3 ) + C ; where C is an arbitrary constant known as the constant of integration.

Thus for an ion which traverses a 1 m flight path, across a time of 2000 ns, given an initial accelerating voltage of 5000 V and noting that one amu is 1 × 10 < sup >− 27 </ sup > kg, the mass-to-charge ratio ( more correctly the mass-to-ionisation value ratio ) becomes Z amu / charge.

Between 70 K and room temperature, berkelium behaves as a Curie – Weiss paramagnetic material with an effective magnetic moment of 9. 69 Bohr magnetons ( µ < sub > B </ sub >) and a Curie temperature of 101 K. This magnetic moment is almost equal to the theoretical value of 9. 72 µ < sub > B </ sub > calculated within the simple atomic L-S coupling model.

Small could mean less than 3 dB below ( i. e., power output < 1 / 2 or voltage output < 0. 707 of ) the maximum value, or more rarely 10 dB below, or it could mean below a certain absolute value.

Most commonly, bandwidth refers to the 3-dB bandwidth, that is, the frequency range within which the spectral density ( in W / Hz or V < sup > 2 </ sup >/ Hz ) is above half its maximum value ( or the spectral amplitude, in V or V / Hz, is more than 70. 7 % of its maximum ); that is, above − 3 dB relative to the peak.

* BCS theory predicts the dependence of the value of the energy gap E at temperature T on the critical temperature T < sub > c </ sub >.

The evaluation order does not affect the value of such expressions, and it can be shown that the same holds for expressions containing any number of operations .< ref > Thus, when is associative, the evaluation order can be left unspecified without causing ambiguity, by omitting the parentheses and writing simply:

where is the state with a definite value of the spin operator S < sub > z </ sub > equal to + 1 / 2 and is the state with a definite value of the spin operator S < sub > z </ sub > equal to-1 / 2.

The Mach. 3 value is rather arbitrary, but it is used because gas flows with a Mach number below that value demonstrate changes in density with respect to the change in pressure of less than 5 %.

Also, behavior is a value that changes over time ( one of the key concepts in functional reactive programming ).

The astronomer's mean tropical year which is averaged over equinoxes and solstices is currently 365. 24219 days, slightly shorter than the average length of the year in most calendars, but the astronomer's value changes over time, so William Herschel's suggested correction to the Gregorian calendar may become unnecessary by the year 4000.

Once the ray either encounters a light source, or more probably once a set limiting number of bounces has been evaluated, then the surface illumination at that final point is evaluated using techniques described above, and the changes along the way through the various bounces evaluated to estimate a value observed at the point of view.

Small changes in inputs can result in large changes in the value of a company.

Small changes may produce no qualitative changes in the phase space until a special value μ < sub > 0 </ sub > is reached.

Euphoria dynamically changes between integer and floating point representation according to the current value.

Secular perennialists espouse the idea that education should focus on the historical development of a continually developing common western base of human knowledge and art, the timeless value of classic thought on central human issues by landmark thinkers, and revolutionary ideas critical to historical western paradigm shifts or changes in world view.

Most formal systems of logic operate on variable facts, i. e. facts the value of which changes several times during one reasoning.

Common modifications include value changes in capacitors or resistors, adding true-bypass so that the effect's circuitry is no longer in the signal path, substituting higher-quality components, replacing the unit's original operational amplifiers ( op-amps ), or adding functions to the device such as allowing additional control of some factor or adding an additional output jack.

A composition of idempotent methods or subroutines, however, is not necessarily idempotent if a later method in the sequence changes a value that an earlier method depends on – idempotence is not closed under composition.

For example, suppose the initial value of a variable is 3 and there is a sequence that reads the variable, then changes it to 5, and then reads it again.

In Ricardo and other classical economists, this definition serves as a measure of " real cost ", " absolute value ", or a " measure of value " invariable under changes in distribution and technology.

Examples include " note-on " messages which contain a MIDI note number that specifies the note's pitch, a velocity value that indicates how forcefully the note was played, and the channel number ; " note-off " messages that end a note ; program change messages that change a device's patch ; and control changes that allow adjustment of an instrument's parameters.

The theoretical tidal contribution to ΔT is about + 42 s / cy < sup > 2 </ sup > the smaller observed value is thought to be mostly due to changes in the shape of the Earth.

The main changes are: explicit numeric conversion functions ( e. g. FLOOR and FLT ) must be used, the LOOP and EXIT statements have been eliminated, WHILE statements have been extended, RETURN statements can only be connected to the end of a function, imported variables and structured value parameters are read-only and arrays can be assigned without using COPY.

Changes can be the result of necessary design modifications, differing site conditions, material availability, contractor-requested changes, value engineering and impacts from third parties, to name a few.

* Time-synchronized one-time passwords are similar in some ways to single-use passwords, but the value to be entered is displayed on a small ( generally pocketable ) item and changes every minute or so.

While ATMs ( as well as the remote memory systems discussed below ) use the card merely to identify the associated account and record changes in a central database, stored value systems make a physical alteration to the card to reflect the new balance after a call.

For instance, the C expression changes the value assigned to the variable.

The user of the spreadsheet can make changes in any stored value and observe the effects on calculated values.