Within the tunica media, smooth muscle and the extracellular matrix are quantitatively the largest components of the aortic vascular wall.

Atherosclerosis ( also known as arteriosclerotic vascular disease or ASVD ) is a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol.

# Embolization occurs when the thrombus breaks free from the vascular wall and becomes mobile.

It gives vascular branches to the wall of the brachial artery.

Acting via its specific cell membrane receptors ( protease activated receptors: PAR-1, PAR-3 and PAR-4 ), which are abundantly expressed in all arterial vessel wall constituents, thrombin has the potential to exert pro-atherogenic actions such as inflammation, leukocyte recruitment into the atherosclerotic plaque, enhanced oxidative stress, migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, apoptosis and angiogenesis.

Renin is secreted from kidney cells, which are activated via signaling from the macula densa, which responds to the rate of fluid flow through the distal tubule, by decreases in renal perfusion pressure ( through stretch receptors in the vascular wall ), and by sympathetic nervous stimulation, mainly through beta-1 receptor activation.

Activation of aortic smooth muscle doesn't significantly alter the lumenal diameter but serves to increase the viscoelasticity of the vascular wall.

An increase in the media to lumenal diameter ratio has been observed in hypertensive arterioles ( arteriolosclerosis ) as the vascular wall thickens and / or lumenal diameter decreases.

In the kidney, the macula densa is an area of closely packed specialized cells lining the wall of the distal tubule at the point of return of the nephron to the vascular pole of its parent glomerulus, ( glomerular vascular pole ).

Development is related to age and strain on the bowel wall, which is thought to influence the caliber change and proliferation of the vascular tissue.

Under this classification scheme for systemic vasculitis, Kawasaki disease is considered to be a necrotizing vasculitis ( also called necrotizing angeititis ), which may be identified histologically by the occurrence of necrosis ( tissue death ), fibrosis, and proliferation of cells associated with inflammation in the inner layer of the vascular wall.

The results of another study support the hypothesis that fish oil alters vascular reactivity and favorably influences arterial wall characteristics in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

These direct vascular effects, expressed at the level of the vessel wall, may contribute to the cardioprotective ( protective for the heart ) actions of fish oil in humans.

The third hypothesis was criticized due to no vascular supplement of anterior abdominal wall by umbilical vein.

In the pathology of vascular or gastrointestinal walls, the wall tension represents the muscular tension on the wall of the vessel.

The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells ( also called uterine myocytes ), but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissue.

Since the adhesion of several cancer cells to endothelium requires the presence of endothelial selectins as well as sialyl Lewis carbohydrates on cancer cells, the degree of expression of selectins on the vascular wall and the presence of the appropriate ligand on cancer cells are determinant for their adhesion and extravasation into a specific organ.

The main body of the AVF consists of vascular surgeons and other physicians who specialized in management of not only simple varicose veins but the whole spectrum of venous and lymphatic diseases from congenital abnormalities to deep vein thrombosis to chronic venous diseases.

The vascular cambium usually consists of two types of cells:

In " APL regulates vascular tissue identity in Arabidopsis ", Bonke and colleagues state that one of the two long-distance transport systems in vascular plants, xylem, consists of several cell-types " the differentiation of which involves deposition of elaborate cell-wall thickenings and programmed cell-death.

The vascular system consists of two main vessels connected by lateral vessels in each segment.

The continent of Antarctica is so cold and dry that it has supported virtually no vascular plants for millions of years, and its flora presently consists of around 250 lichens, 100 mosses, 25-30 liverworts, and around 700 terrestrial and aquatic algal species, which live on the areas of exposed rock and soil around the shore of the continent.

* eustele-in this arrangement, the primary vascular tissue consists of vascular bundles, usually in one or two rings around the pith.

The water vascular system of the sea star consists of a series of seawater-filled ducts that function in locomotion and feeding and respiration.

Interventional radiologists diagnose and treat several disorders, including peripheral vascular disease, renal artery stenosis, inferior vena cava filter placement, gastrostomy tube placements, biliary stents and hepatic interventions.

Depending on the particular method of strangulation, one or several of these typically occur in combination ; vascular obstruction is usually the main mechanism.

Nothofagus fusca, New ZealandThe Antarctic flora is a distinct community of vascular plants which evolved millions of years ago on the supercontinent of Gondwana, and is now found on several separate areas of the Southern Hemisphere, including southern South America, southernmost Africa, New Zealand, Australia and New Caledonia.

In several human experimental studies using a well-validated exposure chamber setup DE has been linked to acute vascular dysfunction and increased thrombus formation.

It commonly progresses within several years to affect other limbs as the vascular disease progresses.

There are about 600 vascular plant species, including several types of orchids and the very rare barren strawberry.

The Laurel forest are a distinct community of vascular plants which evolved millions of years ago, and are now found on several separate areas.

Inner laurel forest ecoregions, a related and distinct community of vascular plants evolved millions of years ago on the supercontinent of Gondwana, and species of this community are now found on several separate areas of the Southern Hemisphere, including southern South America, southernmost Africa, New Zealand, Australia and New Caledonia.

Excess levels of sPLA2 is thought to contribute to several inflammatory diseases, and has been shown to promote vascular inflammation correlating with coronary events in coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome, and possibly leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and progression of Tonsillitis in children.

In plant kingdom, though trehalose has been reported from several pteridophytes including Selaginella lepidophylla and Botrychium lunaria ; the sugar is rare in vascular plants and reported only in ripening fruits of several members of Apiaceae and in the leaves of the desiccation-tolerant angiosperm Myrothamnus flabellifolius.

* PKG-II has been detected in renal cells, zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex, Clara cells in distal airways, intestinal mucosa, pancreatic ducts, parotid and submandibular glands, chondrocytes, and several brain cell nuclei, but not in cardiac and vascular myocytes.

This species hosts several species of parasites, including Haemogregarina stepanovi, monogeneans of genus Polystomoides, vascular trematodes of genus Spirhapalum and many nematode species.

In the United States there are several independent vascular medicine training programs and twelve NIH funded three year programs as well.

Among the strongest vasoconstrictors known, endothelins are implicated in vascular diseases of several organ systems, including the heart, general circulation and brain.

The epidermal cells of aerial organs arise from the superficial layer of cells known as the tunica ( L1 and L2 layers ) that covers the plant shoot apex, whereas the cortex and vascular tissues arise from innermost layer of the shoot apex known as the corpus ( L3 layer ).

The vascular cambium produces new layers of secondary xylem annually.

Arterioles have muscular walls ( usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle ) and are the primary site of vascular resistance.

uva, grape ), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, or vascular tunic, is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye.