the voluntary contributions are expected to reach approximately US $ 1. 4 billion in 2012-2013.

The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the $ 85 million range.

He sanctioned voluntary contributions from the clergy for the necessary defense of the state and gave the king the right to determine that necessity.

Governments also obtain resources by creating money ( e. g., printing bills and minting coins ), through voluntary gifts ( e. g., contributions to public universities and museums ), by imposing penalties ( e. g., traffic fines ), by borrowing, and by confiscating wealth.

Libertarian opponents of taxation claim that governmental protection, such as police and defense forces might be replaced by market alternatives such as private defense agencies, arbitration agencies or voluntary contributions.

# Financing: There was agreement on the establishment of three new funds to provide assistance for needs associated with climate change: ( 1 ) a fund for climate change that supports a series of climate measures ; ( 2 ) a least-developed-country fund to support National Adaptation Programs of Action ; and ( 3 ) a Kyoto Protocol adaptation fund supported by a CDM levy and voluntary contributions.

In addition to their zakat obligations, Muslims are encouraged to make voluntary contributions ( sadaqat ).

In Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Bangladesh, the zakat is regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary.

* The Second Sickness Insurance Modification Law ( 1972 ), which linked the indexation of the income-limit for compulsory employee coverage to the development of the pension insurance contribution ceiling ( 75 % of the ceiling ), obliged employers to pay half of the contributions in the case of voluntary membership, extended the criteria for voluntary membership of employees, and introduced preventive medical check-ups for certain groups.

UNFPA ’ s income in 2009 totaled $ 783. 1 million, including $ 469. 4 million in voluntary contributions from governments and private donors.

CBC ’ s funding differs from that of the public broadcasters of many European nations, which collect a licence fee, or those in the United States, such as PBS and NPR, which receive some public funding but rely to a large extent on voluntary contributions from individual viewers and listeners.

This was built in 1900 and paid for by public subscription and run on voluntary contributions until the creation of the NHS in 1948.

To fulfil this mandate, UNAIDS is supported by voluntary contributions from governments, foundations, corporations, private groups ( for example, students, universities, sporting clubs, etc.

First, there were fixed, but voluntary, yearly contributions made to the yeshivas, these were collected and handled by the local leaders appointed by the yeshiva.

* Fundraising, soliciting voluntary contributions to an organization or prospective organization

Amounts required to be deducted by law include federal, state, and local taxes, state unemployment and disability taxes, social security taxes, and other garnishments or levies, but does not include such deductions as voluntary retirement contributions and transportation deductions.

To some extent, public spiritedness of a more limited type is the basis for voluntary contributions that support public radio and television.

The oral phase, which is entirely voluntary, is mainly controlled by the medial temporal lobes and limbic system of the cerebral cortex with contributions from the motor cortex and other cortical areas.

Secretary of State James Baker warned publicly, “ I will recommend to the President that the United States make no further contributions, voluntary or assessed, to any international organization which makes any changes in the PLO's status as an observer organization.

Raised " by the voluntary contributions of the officers, petty officers, seamen and marines of these united kingdoms ", it was designed in 1821 by William Burn, who was advised by Robert Stephenson after residents of the square expressed concern about the adequacy of the foundations to support a column of such height.

Group expenses are covered entirely by voluntary contributions from its members.

In a speech made in Colombo on 5 July 2010, current Secretary General Dato ' Patricia Yoon-Moi Chia said: " The gearing up of the level of our activities is made possible through the voluntary contributions of member countries and international agencies such as OPEC fund.

" In March 1604 James I authorized him and his deputies to collect " amongst our loving subjects their voluntary contributions and ' kind gratuities '," and himself began " the largesse for the example of others.

" In the 1999 South Carolina Supreme Court case State v. Gaines, the Court held that Alford guilty pleas were to be held valid in the absence of a specific on-the-record ruling that the pleas were voluntary – provided that the sentencing judge acted appropriately in accordance with the rules for acceptance of a plea made voluntarily by the defendant.

Historically, concubinage was frequently voluntary ( by the woman and / or her family's arrangement ), as it provided a measure of economic security for the woman involved.

In Vajrayāna particularly, Tibetan Buddhists subscribe to a voluntary code of self-censorship, whereby the uninitiated do not seek and are not provided with information about it.

Szasz has indicated that his own views came from libertarian politics held since his teens, rather than through experience in psychiatry ; that in his " rare " contacts with involuntary mental patients in the past he either sought to discharge them ( if they were not charged with a crime ) or " assisted the prosecution in securing conviction " ( if they were charged with a crime and appeared to be prima facie guilty ); that he is not opposed to consensual psychiatry and " does not interfere with the practice of the conventional psychiatrist ", and that he provided " listening-and-talking (" psychotherapy ")" for voluntary fee-paying clients from 1948 until 1996, a practice he characterizes as non-medical and not associated with his being a psychoanalytically trained psychiatrist.

The legislation provided that “ remand homes ,” “ approved schools ,” and local authority and voluntary children ’ s homes became part of a comprehensive system of community homes for all children in care.

A centrally financed network of local officers was provided to smooth inter-racial relations by conciliation, education, and informal pressure, while a National Committee for Commonwealth Immigrants was established ( under the chairmanship of the Archbishop of Canterbury ) to encourage and help finance staff “ for local voluntary, good-neighbour type bodies .” A further Race Relations Act was passed in 1968, which made discrimination in letting or advertising housing illegal, together with discrimination in hiring and promotion.

The Act likewise provided for voluntary arbitration, but made any award issued by the panel binding and enforceable in federal court.

In cases where the coast guard is primarily concerned with coordinating rather than executing rescue operations, lifeboats are often provided by civilian voluntary organizations, such as the Royal National Lifeboat Institution in the United Kingdom, whilst aircraft may be provided by the countries ' armed forces, such as Sea Kings operated by the RAF and Royal Navy in addition to any of the coast guard's own assets.

Mountain Rescue in Ireland is provided by 12 voluntary teams based in different regions of the country.

Legal intervention is not mandatory: some parents have informal or voluntary agreements or arrangements that do not involve the courts, where financial child support and / or other expenses are provided by non-custodial parents to assist in supporting their child ( ren ).

The first is that they are generally supported by taxes ( usually local, though any level of government can and may contribute ); they are governed by a board to serve the public interest ; they are open to all and every community member can access the collection ; they are entirely voluntary in that no one is ever forced to use the services provided ; and public libraries provide basic services without charge.

The 50 / 50 venture provided a way to circumvent the voluntary import restrictions, while providing a new line of compact and subcompact cars for Chrysler.

The 1830 law provided for voluntary removal and had safeguards for the rights of Indians but the removal was involuntary and brutal and ignored safeguards.

Furthermore, the creation and evolution of a voluntary standard by the CEA in December 2003 has provided participating manufacturers of receivers a single definitive reference to use when designing and programming receivers.

Meanwhile, in the reform-oriented states, such as Baden, the development of a lively scene of Vereine ( clubs or voluntary associations ) provided an organisational framework for democratic, or popular, opposition.

There was a survey conducted by Beth Israel Medical Center in New York city and the North American Syringe Exchange Network, which showed among the 126 SEPs surveyed, 77 % provided to material abuse therapy, 72 % provided voluntary counselling and HIV testing, and more than two-thirds provided supplies such as bleach, alcohol pads, and male and female condoms.

The schools may levy charges for activities such as swimming, theatre visits and field trips, provided the charges are voluntary, thus ensuring that those who cannot afford to pay are allowed to participate in such events.

President George W. Bush reinstated the policy in 2001, implementing it through conditions in USAID grant awards, and subsequently extended the policy to " voluntary population planning " assistance provided by the Department of State.

FE and publicly funded training in Wales is provided by 24 FE institutions and a range of public, private and voluntary sector training providers, such as the Workers ' Educational Association.

The deal provided three options to former PLA combatants – integration, voluntary retirement and rehabilitation.

On " Reek Sunday " ( the last Sunday in July ) emergency medical and rescue cover for pilgrams is provided by the Civil Defence, Order of Malta Ambulance Corps, and Mayo Mountain Rescue Team assisted by 12 other voluntary Mountain Rescue teams that are represented by the group Mountain Rescue Ireland ( I. M. R. A ), the Irish Air Corps providing helicopter support for casualty evacuations to hospital or to the emergency services in two locations at the base of the hill.