Theories which assert that the universe has an infinite age, including many of the theories described above, fail to account for the abundance of deuterium in the cosmos, because deuterium easily undergoes nuclear fusion in stars and there are no known astrophysical processes other than the Big Bang itself that can produce it in large quantities.

Theories which assert that the universe has a finite life, but that the Big Bang did not happen, have problems with the abundance of helium-4.

Theories that predict the formation of these structures within the observable universe ( see: inflation ) can therefore be largely ruled out.

Just as Einstein's Theories of Relativity made a connection between matter and energy that had far reaching implications for our understanding of the universe as a whole, Pullman imagines an intellectual framework that incorporates spirituality and consciousness as the missing piece that connects the observer in quantum mechanics to the experiment.

* Leslie Stevenson, David L. Haberman, " Ten Theories of Human Nature " Oxford University Press ( 2004 )-book examines each one of four points — the nature of the universe, the nature of humanity, the diagnosis of the ills of humanity, and the proposed cure for these problems.

The programs were so well received by the British public that the arguments have been published in a totally engrossing little book called, `` Rival Theories Of Cosmology ''.

Theories of apparently altruistic behavior were accelerated by the need to produce theories compatible with evolutionary origins.

Theories that attempt to explain ancient urbanism by a single factor, such as economic benefit, fail to capture the range of variation documented by archaeologists.

Theories proposed by neuroscientists such as Gerald Edelman and Antonio Damasio, and by philosophers such as Daniel Dennett, seek to explain consciousness in terms of neural events occurring within the brain.

A slightly larger count ( but still better than split radix for N ≥ 256 ) was shown to be provably optimal for N ≤ 512 under additional restrictions on the possible algorithms ( split-radix-like flowgraphs with unit-modulus multiplicative factors ), by reduction to a Satisfiability Modulo Theories problem solvable by brute force ( Haynal & Haynal, 2011 ).

Theories on the use of graffiti by avant-garde artists have a history dating back at least to the Scandinavian Institute of Comparative Vandalism in 1961.

Theories that Cronje was murdered on the orders of a cricket betting syndicate flourished after his death and were most recently re-floated by former Nottinghamshire coach Clive Rice in the wake of the death of Pakistan coach Bob Woolmer in March 2007.

Theories on consolidation are supported by concussion studies.

** Natural Law Theories, by John Finnis, 2007.

Theories as to the cause of the increase are the possibility that the reduction of stomach acid reduces the amount of calcium dissolved in the stomach or that PPIs may interfere with the breakdown and rebuilding of bone by interfering with the acid production of osteoclasts.

As Rolf Wiggershaus recounts in The Frankfurt School, Its History, Theories and Political Significance ( MIT 1995 ), Lazarsfeld was the director of a project, funded and inspired by David Sarnoff ( the head of RCA ), to discover both the sort of music that listeners of radio liked and ways to improve their " taste ", so that RCA could profitably air more classical music.

Theories are improved ( or replaced by better theories ) as more evidence is gathered, so that accuracy in prediction improves over time ; this increased accuracy corresponds to an increase in scientific knowledge.

Theories of a cover-up still persisted, some of which were promulgated by the Arkansas Project.

even garnered some attention outside of literary criticism, having several pages devoted to it in a chapter on the American New Right in Architects of Fear: Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia in American Politics by George Johnson ( 1983 ).

# Theories also help place events in a causal context that is greater than common sense alone can provide, because commonsense causation is inherently limited by what we see and experience.

Theories of nucleosynthesis are tested by calculating isotope abundances and comparing with observed results.

In 1482 he wrote a Commentum planetarium in theoricas Georgii Purbachii — a commentary on Georg von Peuerbach's text, New Theories of the Planets — published in Milan by his pupil, Jan Otto de Kraceusae.

Theories include sudden death by a plague that was sweeping through the city or another natural death.

Theories have been proposed suggesting that the Pied Piper is a symbol of the children's death by plague or catastrophe.

Theories based on the Phillips curve suggested that this could not happen, and the curve came under a concerted attack from a group of economists headed by Milton Friedman.

Theories of physical and mental science are non-theistic, even when in no degree, directly or indirectly, antagonistic to theism.

Theories are supported by evidence from many different sources, and may contain one or several laws.

Theories and laws are also distinct from hypotheses.

Theories of the beginning of the Universe are based on the currently-known laws of particle physics, where matter is created from energy in such a way that equal amounts of particles and antiparticles are produced.

Theories of the behavior pattern of population masses were compared to scientific discoveries concerning the motion-pattern of gaseous masses.

Theories of logic were developed in many cultures in history, including China, India, Greece and the Islamic world.

Theories about the solar plasma stream and its interaction with Earth were published as early as 1931.

Theories of brainwashing and of mind control were originally developed to explain how totalitarian regimes appeared to succeed in systematically indoctrinating prisoners of war through propaganda and torture techniques.

Theories of this kind predicted paths of the planets moderately well, until Johannes Kepler was able to show that the motions of planets were in fact ( at least approximately ) elliptical motions.

Two of the major institutions dealing with political science-the Institute of Contemporary Social Theories and the Institute of International Affairs-were disbanded, and most of their members were actually left without jobs and had to look for new professional careers.

Theories on optimal design of cities, city traffic flows, neighborhoods and demographics were in vogue after World War I.

Theories involving the inheritance of acquired characteristics were among the most popular alternatives to natural selection, and scientists who felt that such Lamarckian mechanisms were the key to evolution were called neo-Lamarckians.

Such Functional Specification Theories ( FSTs ) ( Levin, § 3. 4 ), as they are called, were most notably developed by David Lewis and David Malet Armstrong.

Most of the relevant theories were derived by the German geodesist Friedrich Robert Helmert in his famous books Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie, Einleitung und 1 Teil ( 1880 ); English translation: Mathematical and Physical Theories of Higher Geodesy, Vol.

In 1965, he published the highly influential work Theories of Primitive Religion, arguing against the existing theories of what at the time were called " primitive " religious practices.

Theories of the four humors ( black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood ) were applied, sometimes separately ( a matter of " physic ") and sometimes combined with theories of evil spirits ( a matter of " faith ").

Theories on strategic bombing were first developed by the Luftwaffe with the first exhibition of " carpet bombing " in the September 1937 Asturias campaign.

Theories about his disappearance have suggested that he was murdered, that he ran off with another woman, or that he had been involved in corrupt practices which were about to be revealed, and therefore fled.

Theories include: the Tu-144 tried to avoid a French Mirage chase plane which was attempting to photograph it, that changes had been made by the ground engineering team to the auto-stabilisation circuits to allow the Tu-144 to outperform Concorde in the display circuit, and that the crew were attempting a manoeuvre — to outshine Concorde — that the aircraft was not capable of.

Theories adding philosophic backing to its own conceptualizations from such ideas as diplomatic recognition and the sovereign state's right to exist as it were extending beyond territorial nation-state in an international structure, to an intranational structure of the voluntary association of those with similar social world views being codified legal frameworks to themselves, within their own sphere of interaction, under a federal government of a particular nation state & relying on infrastructural power for implementation.

Theories on strategic bombing were first developed by the Luftwaffe with the first exhibition of " carpet bombing " in the September 1937 Asturias campaign.

Many Grand Unified Theories ( but not Pati-Salam ) predict that the proton can decay, and if this were to be seen, details of the decay products could give hints at more aspects of the Grand Unified Theory.