* 1965 – Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9 which is the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.

# Visual Imaging System – at the lower orbit of Mariner 9, half that of Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 flyby missions, and a vastly improved imaging system, Mariner 9 achieved a resolution of per pixel, whereas previous Martian probes had achieved only approximately per pixel.

Newer probes such as Cassini – Huygens and the Mars Exploration Rovers are highly autonomous and use on-board computers to operate independently for extended periods of time.

* Pioneer Venus 2 – 8 August 1978 – Venus atmospheric probes

Due to their higher binding strength it is not necessary to design long PNA oligomers for use in these roles, which usually require oligonucleotide probes of 20 – 25 bases.

Resolution in these cases is limited by the size of the probe ; micromachining techniques can produce probes with tip radii of 5 – 10 nm.

* Ranger program — US Lunar hard-landing probes ( 1961 – 1965 ).

* Lunokhod program — USSR Lunar Rover probes ( 1970 – 1973 ).

* Muses-A mission ( Hiten and Hagoromo ) — Japanese Lunar orbital and hard-landing probes ( 1990 – 1993 ).

** Various material probes – inserted into the plasma to take direct measurements of flow rates and temperatures

* Aerozine 50 and dinitrogen tetroxide – Titans 2 – 4, Apollo lunar module, Apollo service module, interplanatary probes ( Such as Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 )

One method being developed involves monitoring the amplification process in real time with hybridization of fluorescent-labeled probes targeting the MpC15 sequence – which is unique to N. fowleri.

Using measurements of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the same probes ( homo-FRET or fluorescence anisotropy ), Sharma and colleagues reported that a fraction ( 20 – 40 %) of GPI-anchored proteins are organized into high density clusters of 4 – 5 nm radius, each consisting of a few molecules and different GPI-anchored proteins.

It was discovered by the Voyager probes in 1979 – 80 and is located on the leading hemisphere of Callisto, in its Jupiter facing quadrant slightly to the north of the equator ( at about 18 ° N latitude and 57 ° W longitude ).

For today ’ s multi-die packages such as stacked chip-scale package ( SCSP ) or System in Package ( SiP ) – the development of non-contact ( RF ) probes for identification of known tested die ( KTD ) and known good die ( KGD ) are critical to increasing overall system yield.

French soldiers encountered the S-mine during minor probes into the coal-rich German Saar region in September 7 – 11, 1939, during the Saar Offensive.

* Cassini – Huygens-level science from NASA ’ s “ Neptune orbiter with probes ” vision mission ( PDF )

After the discoveries, the area is also in the domain of interplanetary probes ; some of the discovered bodies may become targets for exploration missions, an example of which is preliminary work on a probe to Haumea and its moons ( at 35 – 51 AU ).

In November 1980 and August 1981, Voyager 1 – 2 probes investigated the magnetosphere using an improved set of instruments.

** Von Neumann probes, hypothetical space probes capable of self-replication

It is also capable of repairing friendly ships under attack, deploying probes to detect enemy movements, deploying minefields which destroy or delay enemy ships, and assisting more powerful ships by spotting enemy targets.

The most recent version of Brainiac ( a living Coluan who utilizes android " probes ") has proven to be capable of mimicking the superhuman abilities of Superman and other Kryptonians, some form of shapeshifting although he is vulnerable to bacterial infections when outside of controlled environments such as his ship or his prison cell.

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching ( FRAP ) denotes an optical technique capable of quantifying the two dimensional lateral diffusion of a molecularly thin film containing fluorescently labeled probes, or to examine single cells.

The wafer prober is usually responsible for loading and unloading the wafers from their carrier ( or cassette ) and is equipped with automatic pattern recognition optics capable of aligning the wafer with sufficient accuracy to ensure accurate registration between the contact pads on the wafer and the tips of the probes.

The proposed system would have been capable of exponentially increasing productive capacity and the design could be modified to build self-replicating probes to explore the galaxy.

Before its destruction, the Omnius incarnation on Giedi Prime had launched 5, 000 probes capable of constructing new machine colonies on any planets encountered.

It also refers to probes capable of reaching star systems other than the Sun's ( capable of interstellar travel within a galaxy ).

The advantages of using northern blotting include the detection of RNA size, the observation of alternate splice products, the use of probes with partial homology, the quality and quantity of RNA can be measured on the gel prior to blotting, and the membranes can be stored and reprobed for years after blotting.

The distance records for optical communications involved detection and emission of laser light by space probes.

After the unbound probes are washed away, the western blot is ready for detection of the probes that are labeled and bound to the protein of interest.

COROT is the first spacecraft dedicated to the detection of transiting extrasolar planets, opening the way for more advanced probes such as Kepler and possibly TESS and PLATO.

Talent probes, essentially " feelers " or tendrils of invisible Talent can be used to examine areas beyond normal Talent detection, to manipulate the life force energy embedded or contained in objects, or to draw upon Talent energy from an open source, such as a Table or a ley line.

This tag can also be used in detection of the protein via anti-biotin antibodies or avidin / streptavidin-tagged detection strategies such as enzyme reporters ( e. g., horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase ) or fluorescent probes.

Gravitational effects and detection by terrestrial probes are explained away by “ superior alien science ”, a common conceit in planetary romances.

In forensic science, hybridization probes are used, for example, for detection of short tandem repeats ( microsatellite ) regions and in restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP ) methods, all of which are widely used as part of DNA profiling analysis.

For miRNA detection, the probes use proprietary chemistry for specific detection of miRNA and cover the entire miRNA sequence.

Network taps are commonly used for network intrusion detection systems, VoIP recording, network probes, RMON probes, packet sniffers, and other monitoring and collection devices and software that require access to a network segment.

For miRNA detection, the probes use proprietary chemistry for specific detection of miRNA and cover the entire miRNA sequence.

One treatment that is employed is the use of vaginal probes.

At present in 2007 the practice of nanotechnology embraces both stochastic approaches ( in which, for example, supramolecular chemistry creates waterproof pants ) and deterministic approaches wherein single molecules ( created by stochastic chemistry ) are manipulated on substrate surfaces ( created by stochastic deposition methods ) by deterministic methods comprising nudging them with STM or AFM probes and causing simple binding or cleavage reactions to occur.

Its mission is to take a single family on a five-and-a-half-year journey ( stated as 98 years in the pilot episode ) to a planet of the nearby star Alpha Centauri ( the pilot episode refers to the planet itself as Alpha Centauri ), which space probes reveal possesses ideal conditions for human life.

The scanner is constructed by combining independently operated piezo electrodes for X, Y, and Z into a single tube, forming a scanner which can manipulate samples and probes with extreme precision in 3 dimensions.

Funding for the program, like that of the entire AAP, was cut in 1968 and the mission itself was cancelled entirely in 1971, mainly on the grounds that launching both probes on a single rocket was both risky and expensive.

The design's strategy was to use the probe to deliver a " seed " factory with a mass of about 443 tons to a distant site, have the seed factory replicate many copies of itself there to increase its total manufacturing capacity, over a 500 year period, and then use the resulting automated industrial complex to construct more probes with a single seed factory on board each.

1-Wire devices may be one of many components on a circuit board within a product, or a single component within devices such as temperature probes, or attached to a device being monitored.

The non-replicating design was modified to include all subsystems necessary for self-replication, using the probe to deliver a " seed " factory with a mass of about 443 metric tons to a distant site, having the seed factory replicate many copies of itself there to increase its total manufacturing capacity, and then using the resulting automated industrial complex to construct more probes with a single seed factory on board each over a 1, 000 year period.

Nanopore-based DNA analysis techniques are being industrially developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies ( developing direct exonuclease sequencing and strand sequencing using protein nanopores, and solid-state sequencing through internal R & D and collaborations with academic institutions ), NabSys ( using a library of DNA probes and using nanopores to detect where these probes have hybridized to single stranded DNA ) and NobleGen ( using nanopores in combination with fluorescent labels ).

NABsys was spun out of Brown University and is researching nanopores as a method of identifying areas of single stranded DNA that have been hybridized with specific DNA probes.

This technique, which requires the presupposition that all the light comes from a single source, is at the basis of what has becomes known as superresolution microscopy, e. g. STORM, where fluorescent probes attached to molecules give nanoscale distance information.

The design's strategy was to use the probe to deliver a " seed " factory with a mass of about 443 tons to a distant site, have the seed factory replicate many copies of itself there to increase its total manufacturing capacity, and then use the resulting automated industrial complex to construct more probes with a single seed factory on board each.

ViewRNA FISH probes allow single molecule RNA sensitivity with virtually no background.

Virtual karyotyping is another cost-effective, clinically available alternative to FISH panels using thousands to millions of probes on a single array to detect copy number changes, genome-wide, at unprecedented resolution.

Some pitot-static systems incorporate single probes that contain multiple pressure-transmitting ports that allow for the sensing of air pressure, angle of attack, and angle of sideslip data.

Many of MODCOMP's early sales were for tracking and data collection from NASA space probes, and in the 1980s they provided a network of 250 MODCOMP II systems to control the Space Shuttle launch complex at Cape Canaveral until T-30, at which point control was handed over to a single IBM mainframe.