These soon became so serious that a league was formed to crush him, and Maurice of Saxony led an army against his former comrade.

These circumstances drove the army to look for a new leader.

These generals were being replaced by colonels who had entered the army in the early 1970s and whose view of the world had been shaped less by ideology and more by pragmatism.

These proved crucial in 1813 and 1814, when Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington's army besieged the city in the Napoleonic Wars, only taking it when they used a bridge of ships across the Adour to position artillery around the city.

These unacceptable demands together with the Bulgarian refusal to demobilize its army after the Treaty of London had ended the common war against the Ottomans and alarmed Greece, which decided also to maintain its army's mobilization.

These policies stimulated rapid growth of productivity, while boosting the army without much burden on the state treasury.

These articles were bold, as Washington was an enemy general who commanded an army in a cause that many Britons believed would ruin the empire.

These forces defeated the last major hoplite army, at the Battle of Chaeronea ( 338 BC ), after which Athens and its allies joined the Macedonian empire.

These guns were the biggest artillery pieces ever fielded by an army during wartime, and weighed almost 1, 344 tons.

These measures did not prevent, however, a group of army officers led by then Captain Muammar Gaddafi ( a signals officer ) seizing power on 1 September 1969.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

These changes are more correctly attributed by others to Osman himself, but the vast majority of the oriental writers concur in attributing to Alaeddin the introduction of laws respecting the costume of the various subjects of the empire, and the creation and funding of a standing army of regular troops.

These soldiers had witnessed the miserable state of the Paraguayan army and were forced in many cases to face the enemy armed only with machetes.

These Great Reforms spurred industrialization and modernized the Russian army, which had successfully liberated Bulgaria from Ottoman rule in 1877 – 78 Russo-Turkish War.

These emperors would carefully add new legions, as circumstances required or permitted, until the strength of the standing army stood at around 30 legions ( hence the wry remark of the philosopher Favorinus that It is ill arguing with the master of 30 legions ).

These excursions were typical of those that continued throughout the century: army or frontier police, with naval support if possible, would bombard a town and then usually torch it after the defenders had fled or been defeated.

These culminated in the Protectorate-wide riots of 1955-1956, which were suppressed only by a considerable slaughter of peasants by the army.

These were gold on a bright green shoulder board for the army and gold on a bright blue board for the air force.

These token types are purely a convention for ease of representing a specific army size.

These victories may be ascribed to a well-trained army, which despite its comparatively small size was far more professional than most continental armies, and also to a modernization of administration ( both civilian and military ) in the course of the 17th century which enabled the monarchy to harness the resources of the country and its empire in an effective way.

These measures were introduced due to the collapse of the army ; before the invasion the army could field 100, 000 troops, after the invasion only 25, 000.

These were subjected to the authority of local curators ( administrators ), in turn subjected to the judge ( who also administrated justice and was the commander of the army ).

These changes had no long-term significance because Zhang and Mao disagreed with the direction of the army.

These groups have varied widely from mere families, primitive, totemic groups, and small modern cults and sects, to the memberships of great denominations, and great, widely dispersed world religions.

These incidents, typical of many others, dramatize the distressing fact that no controversy during the last several decades has caused more tension, rancor and strife among religious groups in this country than the birth-control issue.

These measures plus the improvement in Israel's relations with Egypt and Jordan, the renunciation of terrorism by the Palestine Liberation Organization, the on-going peace talks between the PLO and Israel, the collapse of the communist states in East Europe, which reduced the scope for sanctuaries for terrorists, and the more cautious attitude of countries such as Libya and Syria after the U. S. declared them State-sponsors of international terrorism, the collapse of ideological terrorist groups such as the Red Army Faction and the tightening of civil aviation security measures by all countries have arrested and reversed the steep upward movement of hijackings.

These form the following five taxonomic groups:

These groups did concerts all over the Netherlands.

These genetic factors are believed to, in part, explain the differing rates of alcohol dependence among racial groups.

These are generated by bond formation between one of the hydroxyl groups of the sugar chain with the carbon of the aldehyde or keto group to form a hemiacetal bond.

These heterodox groups held widely divergent opinions but were united by a critical attitude towards the established religion whose explanations they found unsatisfactory and whose animal sacrifices increasingly distasteful and irrelevant.

These were followed by groups of infantry ( dismounted cavalry ) commanded, respectively, by the Dauphin ( later Charles V of France ), the Duke of Orléans and King Jean.

These birds are generally solitary or found in pairs early in the year, but family groups are common in the late summer and winter roosts may have two dozen or more birds in a single covey.

These regions are also usually considered to be the historical geographical origin of Bambara people, particularly Segou, Sikasso, after diverging from other Manding groups.

These lightshows were for groups including The Gun and Quintessence at underground venues including The Roundhouse, Jim Haynes's Drury Lane Arts Lab, the Electric Cinema and Middle Earth.

These groups are sometimes classified under denominations, though for theological reasons many groups reject this classification system.

These continued to dominate throughout the period, but during late Carboniferous, several other groups, Cycadophyta ( cycads ), the Callistophytales ( another group of " seed ferns "), and the Voltziales ( related to and sometimes included under the conifers ), appeared.

These skills often assist in building political power through the formation of large social groups working for a common agenda.

These groups, along with other Christians opposed to capital punishment, have cited Christ's Sermon on the Mount ( transcribed in Matthew Chapter 5 – 7 ) and Sermon on the Plain ( transcribed in Luke 6: 17 – 49 ).

These groups included the Shakers, the Harmony Society and the Ephrata Cloister.

These can be particularly useful in the study of solvable groups and nilpotent groups.

These lawsuits involved groups of people either suing or being sued in actions at common law.

These groups were usually based on existing societal structures like villages, towns, parishes, and guilds.

These groups have been described as inferior, deprived of all political power, have a specific occupation, are hereditary and sometimes despised by others.

These groups were largely endogamous, exclusionary and with limited mobility.