These different factors affect the diamond's hardness, smoothness, conductivity, optical properties and more.

These alloys can be produced to modify the hardness and other metallurgical properties, to control melting point or to create exotic colors ( see below ).

These strengths vary with the hardness of the snow, type of snow crystal, the number of bonds per unit volume, and the strength of contact interfaces between the layers.

These interactions produce the mechanical ( e. g. hardness and elasticity ), thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of solids.

These chain links are often broad and made of manganese alloy steel for high strength, hardness, and abrasion resistance.

These systems generally use a 4: 1 by volume mixing ratio, and dry quickly providing a tough, protective coating with excellent hardness.

These properties include: rust inhibition, tolerance of a wide range of water hardness ( maintaining pH stability around 9 to 10 ), ability to work with many metals, resist thermal breakdown, and environmental safety.

These rock types ' medium hardness means medium resistance to abrasive and attritive erosion.

These processes increase the durability, dimensional stability and hardness of the treated wood by at least one class ; however, the treated wood is darkened in colour, and there are changes in certain mechanical characteristics: specifically, the modulus of elasticity is increased to 10 %, and the modulus of rupture is diminished by 5 % to 20 % ; thus, the treated wood requires drilling for nailing to avoid splitting the wood.

These steels can attain high hardness ( above HRC 60 ) and are rather brittle compared to other tool steels.

These materials are also noted for their high elastic modulus and hardness.

These grades are a measure of the tensile strength-to-Brinell hardness ratio.

These nodes are areas where the action potential is amplified using a high density of sodium ( Na < big >+</ big >) ions and is subsequently passed along the axon.

These ions, under the influence of the electric field, are accelerated into the cathode surface containing the sample, bombarding the sample and causing neutral sample atom ejection through the process known as sputtering.

These pores cross both of the membranes, providing a channel that allows free movement of small molecules and ions.

These types of substitutional defects are often referred to as off-center ions.

These channels are gated so they can open and close, thus regulating the flow of ions or small polar molecules.

These substances, major constituents of bauxite, are known as laterites and are formed by leeching from rocks of most of the ions other than aluminium and iron and subsequent hydrolysis of the remaining aluminium and iron.

These ions are then attracted to each other in a 1: 1 ratio to form sodium chloride ( NaCl ).

These freed electrons and ions are in turn accelerated and strike other atoms, creating more charge carriers, in a chain reaction.

These ions move through the channel pore single file nearly as quickly as the ions move through free fluid.

These discharges were found to be formed by both negative nitrogen ions and positive oxygen ions.

These charged particles ( ions ) are found in the fluid that surrounds the entire nervous system.

These include ion channels that permit electrically charged ions to flow across the membrane, and ion pumps that actively transport ions from one side of the membrane to the other.

These signals are generated and propagated by charge-carrying ions including sodium ( Na < sup >+</ sup >), potassium ( K < sup >+</ sup >), chloride ( Cl < sup >-</ sup >), and calcium ( Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >).

These component ions can be inorganic such as chloride ( Cl < sup >−</ sup >), as well as organic such as acetate ( CH < sub > 3 </ sub > COO < sup >−</ sup >) and monatomic ions such as fluoride ( F < sup >−</ sup >), as well as polyatomic ions such as sulfate ( SO < sub > 4 </ sub >< sup > 2 −</ sup >).

These atoms can also turn into ions and electrons if they reach a certain temperature.

These ions are charge balanced by cations of sodium in the natural material.

These ions are removed by injecting a collisional gas ( He ), or a reactive gas ( H < sub > 2 </ sub >), or a mixture of the two, directly into the plasma as it flows through the skimmer cone and / or the sampler cone.

These proteins would then intervene the rapid upstroke of an action potential, thus allowing a flow of sodium ions into neurons.

These membrane proteins can perform a wide diversity of functions, such as transporting ions and molecules across the red cell membrane, adhesion and interaction with other cells such as endothelial cells, as signaling receptors, as well as other currently unknown functions.

These cations, such as the tetra-n-butylammonium cation, are sometimes used to replace sodium or potassium ions to increase the solubility of the associated anion in organic solvents.

These seem about the only two ways in which the `` unhappy incident '' can now be closed.

These engines can be removed from a boat with relative ease, wherein lies their greatest advantage.

These can also move a short distance but at right angles to the tappets.

These are beginnings, but correctly learned they prepare for satisfying and exciting stunts that can be performed by a strong, flexible body ( we are not talking of eccentric extremes ).

These frequencies are amplified and detected by the FM receiver after each burst of transmitted energy and, after the `` pill '' has been calibrated, precise internal pressure indications can be obtained.

These factors can make the difference between waste and efficiency in any benefit program.

These experiments can be considered exploratory only.

These societies can expect to face difficult times.

These records, when systematically maintained, provide much information about the children, which the teacher can use in guidance, instruction, grouping, and reporting to parents.

These can be referred to as operational intelligence and environmental intelligence.

These theoretical relationships are more clearly illustrated in Fig. 7 and their sum can be seen to correlate in form with practical measurements made with the Hesiometer as illustrated in the first portion of Fig. 5 for the cutting mechanism.

These dynamic relationships, between what can be observed on the ground, as opposed to what can be observed by compiling many local observations remain fundamental in any kind of anthropology, whether cultural, biological, linguistic or archaeological.

These are not used in amoeboid movement, but are stiff skeletons on which organelles are supported or can move on.

These can range from simple spelling changes and word forms to switching the entire writing system itself, as when Turkey switched from the Arabic alphabet to a Turkish alphabet of Latin origin.

These finishes protect the adobe wall from water damage, but need to be reapplied periodically, or the walls can be finished with other nontraditional plasters providing longer protection.

These deficits can vary depending on which cerebellar structures have been damaged, and whether the lesion is bilateral or unilateral.

These include all quadratic surds, all rational numbers, and all numbers that can be formed from these using the basic arithmetic operations and the extraction of square roots.

These frequencies can be used to study geological phenomena such as earthquakes.

These are naturally in a ground state but can be excited

These constructions can convey shape, size, motion, location, movement, stative-descriptive, and / or handling information.

These particles continue to decay, emitting alpha particles which can damage cells in the lung tissue.

These conditions can be used to handle unusual situations.

These antigens can sometimes be presented by tumor cells and never by the normal ones.

These can be as simple as a searchlight for a police helicopter or as complicated as the tactical system for an airborne early warning platform.