These reactions can be distinguished by the type of substituting species into a nucleophilic, electrophilic or radical substitution.

These included strikes against leading Jordanian politicians, as a means of exacting vengeance and raising the price for attacking the Palestinian movement ; and also, most controversially, for " international operations " ( e. g. the Munich Olympics attack ), intended both to put pressure on the US, European countries and Israel, and to raise the visibility of the Palestinian cause, and to upstage radical rivals such as the PFLP.

These towers, with façades of steel and glass, were radical departures from the typical residential brick apartment buildings of the time.

These factors combined to produce some far more radical and futuristic plans for Potsdamer Platz in the late 1920s and early 1930s, especially around 1928-9, when the creative fervour was at its peak.

These women helped secure the bridge that translated radical protest for racial equality over to the struggle for women ’ s rights ; by witnessing the discrimination and oppression to which the black population was subjected, they were able to gain strength and motivation to do the same for their fellow women.

These consciousness-raising sessions allowed early radical feminists to develop a political ideology based on common experiences women faced with male supremacy.

These strains of radical feminism are often referred to as " Marxist feminism ".

These legislatures brought in programs that are considered part of government's role now, but at the time were radical, such as universal public education.

These acts were largely ineffective and after radical agitation, by for example the " Short Time Committees " in 1831, a Royal Commission recommended in 1833 that children aged 11 – 18 should work a maximum of 12 hours per day, children aged 9 – 11 a maximum of eight hours, and children under the age of nine should no longer be permitted to work.

These social reforms began in Britain the creation of a welfare state and fulfilled the aim of dampening down the demands of the growing working class for rather more radical solutions to their impoverishment.

These chlorine radicals break off an oxygen atom from the ozone molecule, creating an oxygen molecule ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >) and a hypochlorite radical ( ClO ·).

These more radical approaches would imply changes to money supply and likely also a bioregional democracy so that political, economic, and ecological " environmental limits " were all aligned, and not subject to the arbitrage normally possible under capitalism.

These notions are of course imprecise, but at least explain why the nilradical of a commutative ring is contained in the ring's Jacobson radical.

These three factors, the graven images, the sacrifice of pigs before the altar, and the prohibition of circumcision, constituted for non-Hellenized radical Zealot Jews a new abomination of desolation, and thus Bar Kochba launched the Third Jewish Revolt.

These bands, along with Detroit's MC5, set a precedent for mixing radical politics with rock music, and established the idea of rock as agent of social and political change in the public consciousness.

These acts were largely ineffective and after radical agitation, by for example the " Short Time Committees " in 1831, a Royal Commission recommended in 1833 that children aged 11 – 18 should work a maximum of 12 hours per day, children aged 9 – 11 a maximum of eight hours, and children under the age of nine were no longer permitted to work.

These ties reveal the decidedly Protestant and sometimes radical milieu out of which Vanbrugh's own political opinions came.

These varied from re-commitment and reinterpretation of traditional observance, through synthesising embraces of the best of both worlds, to radical or revisionist reassessments of historical Judaism.

These genetic differences affect a variety of physiological processes, including the efficiency of DNA repair, antioxidant enzymes, and rates of free radical production.

These included waving " magic fairy wands " at the police and training " radical cheerleaders ," as well as the deployment of a " revolutionary spaghetti catapult " designed to " splatter the leaders with pasta ".

These can react with vital proteins in the eye that, if damaged, precipitate out, causing cataracts .< ref > This finding is contradicted by the results of another recent study, which found that St John's wort inhibits free radical production in both cell-free and human vascular tissue, revealing antioxidant properties of the compound.

These pirate stations broadcast pro-Taliban messages as well as fatwas ( religious edicts ) by radical, pro-Taliban clerics.

These consist of gematria where each of the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet have their own number and are added together in words to make metaphorical sympathy ; aiq baqir, also called " Qabalah of the Nine Chambers ", which converts any letter in a word to its radical equivalent, such as " A " (= 1 ) to " I " (= 10 ) or " Q " (= 100 ), hence " AIQ " for the radical no.

These concepts formed the basis of the Wehrmacht's tactics during the Second World War.

These concepts would guide Red Army doctrine throughout World War II.

These concepts include one-to-one correspondence ( the basis of counting ), comparison to a standard ( used for measurement ), and the 3-4-5 right triangle ( a device for assuring a right angle ).

These are now seen as elementary concepts.

These concepts were lost in the final production.

These new concepts prompted the publication of the Ideen ( Ideas ) in 1913, in which they were at first incorporated, and a plan for a second edition of the Logische Untersuchungen.

< http :// www. language-brain. com / docs / Friedmann_Gvion_Novogrodsky_movementSLI_agrammatism. pdf >.</ ref > These three concepts all share phrasal movement, which can cause words to lose their thematic roles when they change order in the sentence.

These concepts are illustrated below.

These models are black box systems, using mathematical and statistical concepts to link a certain input ( for instance rainfall ) to the model output ( for instance runoff ).

These concepts were introduced into hypnotism at the end of 19th century by Sigmund Freud and Pierre Janet.

These frames of reference define our view of the world and we have a tendency as adults to reject or deem unworthy any ideas that do not ascribe to our particular values, associations, concepts, etc.

These were followed by Gregory Benford's The Martian Race ( 1999 ), Geoffrey A. Landis's Mars Crossing ( 2000 ), and Robert Zubrin's First Landing ( 2002 ), which took as their starting points the smaller and more focussed expedition strategies evolved in the late 1990s, mostly building on the concepts of Mars Direct.

These concepts are represented as a collection of the simplest elements available ( called primitives ).

These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of " state " and " government.

These concepts are discussed in a more precise way in functional programming and its foundational disciplines, lambda calculus and combinatory logic.

These more general concepts are particularly useful in fields such as computer science and natural language processing where many of the basic elements of analysis are non-numerical.

These examples of polysemy served the double purpose of showing that indigenous languages sometimes made more fine grained semantic distinctions than European languages and that direct translation between two languages, even of seemingly basic concepts like snow or water, is not always possible.

These categories evolve as learned concepts of the world – meaning is not an objective truth, but a subjective construct, learned from experience, and language arises out of the " grounding of our conceptual systems in shared embodiment and bodily experience ".

* Vagueness: These are imprecise concepts like " young " or " tall ".

* Uncertainty: These are precise concepts with uncertain values.

These concepts are: system, ( meta ) function, and rank.

These concepts can be arranged in a hierarchy:

These words and terms were used because of their familiarity, but more so because in most cases there were no equivalent terms in the vernacular which could express the Jewish concepts or describe the objects of cultural significance.

These concepts are directly related to memory and can be recalled at any time, only by the use of the respective word.

These concepts were later adopted for the creation of the Internet Protocol ( IP ) and other ( now deprecated ) network protocols like e. g. AppleTalk or Xerox Network Systems.