These studies have contributed much to our understanding of the regulation of gene expression, transcription factors, and the sigma factor subunits of RNA polymerase.

These indels consist of a 4 amino acid insertion in transcription repair coupling factor Mfd, a 10 amino acid insertion in ribosomal protein L19, a 1 amino acid insertion in FtsZ, a 1 amino acid insertion in major sigma factor 70, and a 1 amino acid deletion in exonuclease VII.

These can be viewed as containing 3-center-2-electron bonds and are represented either by contributing structures involving rearrangement of sigma electrons or by a special notation, a Y that has the three nuclei at its three points.

These specialized sigma factors bind the promoters of genes appropriate to the environmental conditions, increasing the transcription of those genes.

These long chain compounds have surprising electronic properties-high electrical conductivity, for example-arising from sigma delocalization of the electrons in the chain.

These sigma bonds can be supplemented with other bonding interactions, such as by π-back donation, e. g. in the case of W ( CO ) 3 ( PCy3 ) 2 ( H2 ), and even δ-bonds, e. g. in the case of chromium ( II ) acetate.

These compounds can act as allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter receptors, such as GABA < sub > A </ sub >,< ref name =" pmid17531325 ">< ref name =" pmid17108970 ">< ref name =" pmid2160838 "> NMDA, and sigma receptors.

These are defined by a simple involutorial transformation of the points in which a general line meets a nonsingular quadric surface bearing a curve of symbol Af.

These points form a line, and y = x is said to be the equation for this line.

These points, and more, were used against him, when Khrushchev was forced to resign from all his posts in 1964.

These novels differ from the Western tradition in several points as described by van Gulik:

These locations are also filled with objects with which the player can interact, that either benefit the player in some form ( light switches make it easier to see, while water fountains and broken hydrants provide some health points ) or simply provide diversion ( tipping strippers provokes a quote from Duke and a provocative reveal from the dancer ).

These points are often abbreviated as DORA ( Discovery, Offer, Request, Acknowledgement ).

These points are a Poincaré section S ( γ, x < sub > 0 </ sub >), of the orbit.

These E and B fields are also in phase, with both reaching maxima and minima at the same points in space ( see illustrations ).

These cost from 0 to 3 or more points depending on whether they should be considered Frequent, Major ( or even " Twice Major ", for especially powerful abilities that significantly affect gameplay ) and / or Versatile.

These points of intersection are called equinoctial points: classically, the vernal point ( RA = 00 < sup > h </ sup > 00 < sup > m </ sup > 00 < sup > s </ sup > and longitude

These numbers are highly speculative ; many sources give vague ideas of the unemployment rating being ( for example, in 2003 ) around 50 %, giving the impression that the actual rate could be several percentage points higher or lower.

These shallow bodies of water allow limited transportation to points along the coast.

These last three points seem to carry the implication that " hoosier " may have been used as an insult in other parts of the country.

These fuel grade kerosenes meet specifications for smoke points and freeze points.

These pilotis, in providing the structural support for the house, allowed him to elucidate his next two points: a free façade, meaning non-supporting walls that could be designed as the architect wished, and an open floor plan, meaning that the floor space was free to be configured into rooms without concern for supporting walls.

These missions generally orbit the points rather than occupy them directly.

These points are widely noted in the secondary literature.

These two properties are not contradictory, because in the optimal geometrical arrangement, there is more magnetic moment from the sublattice of electrons that point in one direction, than from the sublattice that points in the opposite direction.

These were followed by Gregory Benford's The Martian Race ( 1999 ), Geoffrey A. Landis's Mars Crossing ( 2000 ), and Robert Zubrin's First Landing ( 2002 ), which took as their starting points the smaller and more focussed expedition strategies evolved in the late 1990s, mostly building on the concepts of Mars Direct.

These discourses, transcribed or worked up by close disciples from points given by Baba, address many aspects of the spiritual life and provide practical and simple direction for the spiritual aspirant.

These stellar conditions make the successive neutron captures very fast, involving very neutron-rich species which then beta-decay to heavier elements, especially at the so-called waiting points that correspond to more stable nuclides with closed neutron shells ( magic numbers ).

These connection points are called " ports " or " pins ", among several other names.

These are usually illustrated with " paradoxes " in which an event appears different when observed from two different points of view, seeming to violate " common sense ".

These six churches, while being in communion with each other are completely independent hierarchically.

These were accessed by separate instructions, with completely different timings and protocols.

These programs are completely independent, in the sense that a bachelor can leave the university with his title and go to work, can enter a master's program at another university or continue on to the master's program of his department at the university.

These brown powders reduced burning rate even further by using as little as 2 percent sulfur and using charcoal made from rye straw that had not been completely charred, hence the brown color.

These officials are excluded completely from the executive: they do not possess even theoretical executive powers or any role, even formal, within the government.

These specifications mostly occur in non-European contexts – such as the coat of arms of Nunavut and the former Republic of Bophuthatswana, with the arms of North Dakota ( as distinguished from its seal ) providing an even more unusual example, while the State of Connecticut specifies a " rococo " shield – but not completely, as the Scottish Public Register records an escutcheon of oval form for the Lanarkshire Master Plumbers ' and Domestic Engineers ' ( Employers ') Association, and a shield of square form for the Anglo Leasing organisation.

These cats were removed through efforts which began in the mid-1960s and lasted until 1990 when they were completely eradicated.

These Korean and Malaysian-manufactured vehicles offered modern, Japanese developed technology and levels of build quality and standard equipment which Lada could not compete with, and by the turn of the millennium, had completely taken over the market niche that Lada had survived in for over 20 years.

These objects behave in a rather strange manner under deformations, and the properties they possess are completely different from those of objects in our universe.

These policies, coupled with economic pressures stemming from the 1973 oil crisis, resulted in the rapid collapse of Madagascar's economy and a sharp decline in living standards, and the country had become completely bankrupt by 1979.

These settings, the frequency level of the peak or trough, are two of the parameters of a frequency response curve, and in a two-control equaliser they completely describe the curve.

These precautions do not completely eliminate reflection because of diffraction, especially at longer wavelengths.

These sections of railway are extensions of suburban main line services and are not a completely segregated true metro system.

These subdivisions are often segregated by minute differences in home value, creating entire communities where family incomes and demographics are almost completely homogeneous ..

These cases usually pertain to issues which different appellate courts within its jurisdiction have decided differently, or highly controversial cases involving a completely new legal issue never seen in that state.

These mountains extend up to almost three thousand meters in elevation, but above a few hundred meters they are almost completely devoid of vegetation.

These tendencies however were never supported by the First Vatican Council's dogma of papal infallibility and primacy of 1870, but are rather inspired by erroneous private opinions of some Roman Catholic laymen, who tend to identify themselves completely with the Holy See.

These are located on the top of the head, allowing the animal to remain almost completely submerged whilst breathing.

These eventually build up to a level where they absorb so many neutrons that the chain reaction stops, even with the control rods completely removed.

These rammers were prone to breakdown and generally slowed operation of the gun, because the rammers required crews to completely lower the massive barrel before using it.

These tribes are believed to have been completely hellenized by the eve of the 13th century, if not before.

These intergrade into fences ; the conventional differentiation is that a fence is of minimal thickness and often is open in nature, while a wall is usually more than a nominal thickness and is completely closed, or opaque.

These skew rays suffer only partial reflection while meridional rays are completely guided.

These were once again completely redesigned with new bodies for 1940, again in 1941, and a refreshing for 1942.

These may be light sensitive, and as a result many species change appearance completely as night falls.