This Gladstonian concept of a harmonious Concert of Europe was opposed to and ultimately defeated by the Germans with a Bismarckian system of manipulated alliances and antagonisms.

During the 19th century the Liberal Party was broadly in favour of what would today be called classical liberalism: supporting laissez-faire economic policies such as free trade and minimal government interference in the economy ( this doctrine was usually termed ' Gladstonian Liberalism ' after the Victorian era Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone ).

... there was one man who not only united high ability with unparalleled opportunity but also knew how to turn budgets into political triumphs and who stands in history as the greatest English financier of economic liberalism, Gladstone ... The greatest feature of Gladstonian finance ... was that it expressed with ideal adequacy both the whole civilisation and the needs of the time, ex visu of the conditions of the country to which it was to apply ; or, to put it slightly differently, that it translated a social, political, and economic vision, which was comprehensive as well as historically correct, into the clauses of a set of co-ordinated fiscal measures ... Gladstonian finance was the finance of the system of ' natural liberty ,' laissez-faire, and free trade ... the most important thing was to remove fiscal obstructions to private activity.

In the 1860s and 1870s, Gladstonian Liberalism was characterised by a number of policies intended to improve individual liberty and loosen political and economic restraints.

This was perhaps in part because Kitchener was thought to be a Tory ( the Liberals were in office at the time ); perhaps due to a Curzon-inspired whispering campaign ; but most importantly because Morley, who was a Gladstonian and thus suspicious of imperialism, felt it inappropriate, after the recent grant of limited self-government under the 1909 Indian Councils Act, for a serving soldier to be Viceroy.

He believed that Gladstone had taught people to combat materialism, complacency, and authoritarianism ; Buchan later wrote to Herbert Fisher, Stair Gillon, and Gilbert Murray that he was " becoming a Gladstonian Liberal.

His hostility had in one respect a rational basis, Parnell was recklessly endangering the Irish party's all-important alliance with Gladstonian Liberalism.

As had happened under his leadership generally, the Liberals in government appeared now to be enacting progressive liberalism, as opposed to traditional, Gladstonian liberalism which was by now in decline.

R. B. McCallum stated that " Campbell-Bannerman was of pure Gladstonian vintage and a hero to the Radicals ".

This speech was generally viewed by the Gladstonian Liberals as having a decisive effect on their defeat.

He was, moreover, an Imperialist and a Colonial Federationist at a time when Liberalism was tied and bound to the Manchester traditions ; and, to the consternation of the official wire-pullers, he vigorously supported Disraeli's foreign policy, and in 1881 opposed the Gladstonian settlement with the Boers.

His views were largely accepted by the official Conservative leaders in the treatment of the Gladstonian Franchise Bill of 1884.

His Gladstonian foreign policy based on patience, peace, and no alliances kept Britain free from European wars.

Among the Liberal rank and file, several Gladstonian candidates disowned the bill, reflecting fears at the constituency level that the interests of the working people were being sacrificed to finance a rescue operation for the landed elite.

Asquithian Liberals continued to advocate traditional Gladstonian policies of sound finance, peaceful foreign relations and the better treatment of Ireland.

During the committee stage when Chamberlain chastised the Gladstonian Liberals, a fist fight broke out in which he remained unmoved.

In the twentieth century a Gladstonian liberal who became a socialist after World War I, J.

As Chamberlain had previously been a standard bearer of radical liberalism against the Whigs, his adherence to the alliance against the Gladstonian Liberals came as a surprise.

The Conservatives and the Liberal Unionist Party returned with a majority of 118 over the combined Gladstonian Liberals and Parnell's 85 Irish Party seats.

Out of these ideas and activities came a new generation of activists including, perhaps most notably Keir Hardie, a Scot who had become convinced of the need for independent labour politics whilst working as a Gladstonian Liberal and trade union organiser in the Lanarkshire coalfield.

His father John Snowden ( 1830 / 1 – 1889 ) had been a weaver and a supporter of Chartism and then a Gladstonian liberal.

His economic philosophy was one of strict Gladstonian Liberalism rather than socialism.

Laws added that he believed in " not only Gladstonian Liberalism, but liberalism tinged with the social liberalism about which my party is so passionate.

He won his second contest, at Middlesbrough in 1892, in which he stood as an independent labour candidate in opposition to a Gladstonian Liberal, and a Liberal Unionist.

Lesson One introduces the concept of The Master Mind, which Dr. Hill defines " as a mind that is developed through the harmonious cooperation of two or more people who ally themselves for the purpose of accomplishing any given task.

The timing of such a message thus also marks the political agenda of President Hu, who tried to carry out a new vision and walk out of the shadow of his predecessor, President Jiang Zemin. Near the end of his regime in 2011, President Hu's visit to the U. S. represents a focus on the international dimensions of peace and cooperation, which could also be well incorporated into the concept of a harmonious society, or a harmonious world.

To enhance the live experience for their audience and to accurately reproduce the sound of The Soft Bulletin live, the Lips devised the concept of the " Headphone Concert ".

Upon the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 and the formation of the Concert of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, the Romantic writer Constantin Frantz during the Vormärz era developed the concept of a Central European federation overcoming the German dualism between Austria and Prussia.

However, the concept was in stark contrast to the large collegiate symphony bands of the time, particularly the 100-member band of the University of Michigan, conducted by William D. Revelli and even larger University of Illinois Concert Band as configured by A. Austin Harding and Mark Hindsley.

In February 1938, he decided to expand the concept and start on a feature-length film consisting of several animated segments named The Concert Feature.

The biography of Anthony's life by Athanasius of Alexandria helped to spread the concept of monasticism, particularly in Western Europe through Latin translations.

The concept of Central Europe, and that of a common identity, is somewhat elusive.

The comprehension of the concept of Central Europe is an ongoing source of controversy, though the Visegrád Group constituents are generally included as de facto C. E.

The concept of zero ( which was also called " cipher "), which we all now think of as natural, was alien to medieval Europe, so confusing and ambiguous to common Europeans that in arguments people would say " talk clearly and not so far fetched as a cipher ".

In the Middle Ages in Europe, there was generally a lack of any concept of literary property due to the general relations of production, the specific organization of literary production and the role of culture in society.

In a historical or geopolitical sense the term usually refers collectively to Christian majority countries or countries in which Christianity dominates or was a territorial phenomenon .“ Christendom is originally a medieval concept steadily to have evolved since the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the gradual rise of the Papacy more in religio-temporal implication practically during and after the reign of Charlemagne ; and the concept let itself to be lulled in the minds of the staunch believers to the archetype of a holy religious space inhabited by Christians, blessed by God, the Heavenly Father, ruled by Christ through the Church and protected by the Spirit-body of Christ ; no wonder, this concept, as included the whole of Europe and then the expanding Christian territories on earth, strengthened the roots of Romance of the greatness of Christianity in the world .”

Citizenship granted in this fashion is referred to by the Latin phrase jus sanguinis meaning " right of blood " and means that citizenship is granted based on ancestry or ethnicity, and is related to the concept of a nation state common in Europe.

Belloc was quite explicit in his opposition to Protestantism as a concept and schism from the Catholic Church in general, considering the division of Christendom in the 16th century, as one of the most harmful events in the history of Europe.

Yet the borders of Europe — a concept dating back to classical antiquity — are somewhat arbitrary, as the primarily physiographic term " continent " can incorporate cultural and political elements.

Early European settlers to the United States brought from Europe the concept of the commons.

The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul ( France ), which he had conquered.

* Chapter 2: Hoaxers, Hucksters and History-in 1967, Finkelstein claims that two concepts appeared in public discourse: The uniqueness of the Holocaust, and the concept of the Holocaust as climax of a historical irrational anti-Semitic tendency in Europe.

The corona discharge glow at the surface of an object subjected to a high voltage electrical field is referred to as a Kirlian aura in Russia and Eastern Europe, however this should not to be confused with the paranormal concept of the aura.

Meritocracy as a concept spread from China to British India during the 17th century, and then into continental Europe and the United States.

With the translation of Confucian texts during the Enlightenment, the concept of a meritocracy reached intellectuals in the West, who saw it as an alternative to the traditional ancient regime of Europe.

The concept of meritocracy spread from China to British India during the 17th century, and then into continental Europe and the United States.

With the translation of Confucian texts during the Enlightenment, the concept of a meritocracy reached intellectuals in the West, who saw it as an alternative to the traditional ancient regime of Europe.

Oxfordian scholars respond that the concept of " equivocation " was the subject of a 1583 tract by Queen Elizabeth's chief councillor ( and Oxford's father-in-law ) Lord Burghley, as well as of the 1584 Doctrine of Equivocation by the Spanish prelate Martín de Azpilcueta, which was disseminated across Europe and into England in the 1590s.

The connection between space flight and freedom is clearly ( as is stated explicitly in some of the stories ) an extension of the nineteenth-century American concept of the Frontier, where malcontents can advance further and claim some new land, and pioneers either bring life to barren asteroids ( as in Tales of the Flying Mountains ) or settle on Earth-like planets teeming with life, but not intelligent forms ( such as New Europe in Star Fox ).

Thus the concept of the " Romantic period " may be meaningless outside of Europe and European-influenced cultures.

The treaties resulted from the big diplomatic congress, thereby initiating a new system of political order in central Europe, later called Westphalian sovereignty, based upon the concept of a sovereign state governed by a sovereign and establishing a prejudice in international affairs against interference in another nation's domestic business.

Since prehistoric times, long before the concept of national borders existed, the Sami people of Arctic Europe lived and worked in an area that stretches over the regions now known as Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Russian Kola Peninsula.