Her book In Code ( 2001 ), co-written with her father, mathematician David Flannery, retells the story of the making and breaking of the algorithm and of the enjoyment that she got, as a child and throughout her life, from solving mathematical puzzles.

The most-recent-poll wins algorithm got 46 right, 4 wrong, and one too close to call.

He pioneered the policy iteration method for solving Markov decision problems, and this method is sometimes called the ' Howard policy-improvement algorithm ' in his honor ( Sargent, 1987, p. 47 ).

For example, if for a given problem size a parallelized implementation of an algorithm can run 12 % of the algorithm's operations arbitrarily quickly ( while the remaining 88 % of the operations are not parallelizable ), Amdahl's law states that the maximum speedup of the parallelized version is times as fast as the non-parallelized implementation.

Informally the Church – Turing thesis states that if some method ( algorithm ) exists to carry out a calculation, then the same calculation can also be carried out by a Turing machine ( as well as by a recursively definable function, and by a λ-function ).

In computability theory, Rice's theorem states that, for any non-trivial property of partial functions, there is no general and effective method to decide whether an algorithm computes a partial function with that property.

The thesis states that Turing machines indeed capture the informal notion of effective method in logic and mathematics, and provide a precise definition of an algorithm or ' mechanical procedure '.

In CAGA ( clustering-based adaptive genetic algorithm ), through the use of clustering analysis to judge the optimization states of the population, the adjustment of pc and pm depends on these optimization states.

International standard ISO 1155 states that a longitudinal redundancy check for a sequence of bytes may be computed in software by the following algorithm:

The objective of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is to asymptotically generate states x according to a desired distribution and uses a stochastic process to fulfill it.

The first incompleteness theorem states that no consistent system of axioms whose theorems can be listed by an " effective procedure " ( e. g., a computer program, but it could be any sort of algorithm ) is capable of proving all truths about the relations of the natural numbers ( arithmetic ).

This diagram illustrates all port states as computed by the spanning tree algorithm.

Nowadays these are often considered as a single hypothesis, the Church – Turing thesis, which states that any function that is computable by an algorithm is a computable function.

* the snapshot algorithm for the determination of consistent global states.

The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm for finding the most likely sequence of hidden states – called the Viterbi path – that results in a sequence of observed events, especially in the context of Markov information sources and hidden Markov models.

This argument states that a " Platonic realm " or ultimate ensemble would contain every algorithm, including those which implement consciousness.

A longtime faculty member at the University of Michigan ( Ann Arbor ), he developed, in the early 1960s, the first algorithm for discerning phylogenetic relationships among species based upon their respective character states observed over a set of characters.

The basic philosophy of the algorithm involves the movement of a colony of ants through the different states of the problem influenced by two local decision policies, viz., trails and attractiveness.

LURCH is a tool for software design debugging that uses a nondeterministic algorithm to quickly explore the reachable states of a software model.

A distributed algorithm is self-stabilizing if, starting from an arbitrary state, it is guaranteed to converge to a legitimate state and remain in a legitimate set of states thereafter.

One way to simulate a nondeterministic algorithm N using a deterministic algorithm D is to treat sets of states of N as states of D. This means that D simultaneously traces all the possible execution paths of N ( see powerset construction for this technique in use for finite automata ).

The algorithm has never gained much acceptance in the cryptographic community but is a candidate for " post-quantum cryptography " as it is immune to attacks using Shor's algorithm and — more generally — measuring coset states using Fourier sampling.

The complexity of the algorithm is linear in the length of the patterns plus the length of the searched text plus the number of output matches.

This algorithm, then, requires O ( N ) additions plus O ( N log N ) time for the convolution.

* Heinrichs Weikamp OSTC and DR5: Bühlmann ZHL-16 and Bühlmann ZHL-16 plus Erick Baker's Gradient Factors deep stop algorithm both for open circuit and fixed set point closed circuit rebreather.

To reduce this failure rate, it is necessary to use more than one check digit ( for example, the modulo 97 check referred to below, which uses two check digits-for the algorithm, see International Bank Account Number ) and / or to use a wider range of characters in the check digit, for example letters plus numbers.

* A description of the algorithm, plus speech samples

The principal difficulty with this algorithm is its indeterminacy with respect to one-zero proportions, which return z values as plus or minus infinity, respectively.

It is a tamper-resistant module based on the Mykotronx Krypton chip, including all of the cryptographic functionality of the original Fortezza card plus the Type 1 algorithms / protocols BATON and Firefly, the SDNS signature algorithm, and the STU-III protocol.

* If everything goes fine, the algorithm will be able to find a matching block with little prediction error so that, once transformed, the overall size of motion vector plus prediction error is lower than the size of a raw encoding.

TCP Westwood plus is an evolution of TCP Westwood, in fact it was soon discovered that the Westwood bandwidth estimation algorithm did not work well in the presence of reverse traffic due to ack compression.

The decryption algorithm D is defined to be the inverse function of encryption, i. e., D = E < sup >− 1 </ sup >.

The Ford – Fulkerson method ( named for L. R. Ford, Jr. and D. R. Fulkerson ) is an algorithm which computes the maximum flow in a flow network.

The PID controller calculation ( algorithm ) involves three separate constant parameters, and is accordingly sometimes called three-term control: the proportional, the integral and derivative values, denoted P, I, and D. Heuristically, these values can be interpreted in terms of time: P depends on the present error, I on the accumulation of past errors, and D is a prediction of future errors, based on current rate of change.

The Rete algorithm was designed by Dr Charles L. Forgy of Carnegie Mellon University, first published in a working paper in 1974, and later elaborated in his 1979 Ph. D. thesis and a 1982 paper ( see References ).

In computer science, divide and conquer ( D & C ) is an important algorithm design paradigm based on multi-branched recursion.

An early two-subproblem D & C algorithm that was specifically developed for computers and properly analyzed is the merge sort algorithm, invented by John von Neumann in 1945.

For example, one can add N numbers either by a simple loop that adds each datum to a single variable, or by a D & C algorithm called pairwise summation that breaks the data set into two halves, recursively computes the sum of each half, and then adds the two sums.

Since a D & C algorithm eventually reduces each problem or sub-problem instance to a large number of base instances, these often dominate the overall cost of the algorithm, especially when the splitting / joining overhead is low.

The original data points are collected in a D dimensional space and the goal of the algorithm is to reduce the dimensionality to d such that D >> d. The same weights W < sub > ij </ sub > that reconstructs the ith data point in the D dimensional space will be used to reconstruct the same point in the lower d dimensional space.

In practice one needs D to be well-conditioned in order for this algorithm to be numerically accurate.

Keith D. Cooper, Timothy J. Harvey, and Ken Kennedy of Rice University describe an algorithm in their paper titled A Simple, Fast Dominance Algorithm.

* The D Algorithm was the first practical test generation algorithm in terms of memory requirements.

* 1962-Ford – Fulkerson algorithm developed by L. R. Ford, Jr. and D. R. Fulkerson

* 1992-Deutsch – Jozsa algorithm proposed by D. Deutsch and Richard Jozsa

As a student of Allen Newell, he received his Ph. D. in 1979 based on the Rete algorithm.