In 1957 this total fell to five when one of the Liberal MPs died and the subsequent by-election was lost to the Labour Party, which selected the former Liberal Deputy Leader Lady Megan Lloyd George as its own candidate.

Under his leadership a Liberal revival began, marked by the Orpington by-election of March 1962 which was won by Eric Lubbock.

Taverne's Lincoln by-election campaign was also helped to a lesser degree by problems with the Conservative candidate, Monday Club chairman Jonathan Guinness.

In the Glasgow Hillhead by-election in March 1982, another candidate named Roy Jenkins was nominated by Labour Party activists to contest the seat in order to confuse voters and split his potential vote.

It was also the first full coalition in Britain since 1945, having been formed 70 years virtually to the day after the establishment of Winston Churchill's wartime coalition, although there had been the " Lib-Lab pact ", an agreement stopping short of a full coalition between the Labour and Liberal parties, from March 1977 until July 1978, when a series of by-election defeats had eroded Labour's majority of three seats which had been gained at the October 1974 election.

He was returned at a by-election on 13 April 1978, an important victory which was seen as halting the rise of the Scottish National Party.

His parliamentary career began when he was elected MP for Bossiney, Devon in a 1581 by-election.

Clyne became chief minister until Eric Gairy was elected in a by-election and took the role in August 1961.

The growing importance of the working classes was marked by Keir Hardie's success in the Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888, leading to the foundation of the Scottish Labour Party, which was absorbed into the Independent Labour Party in 1895, with Hardie as its first leader.

Stephen Milligan was found dead having apparently auto-asphyxiated whilst performing a solitary sex act ( his Eastleigh seat was lost in what was to be an ongoing stream of hefty by-election defeats ).

Fraser was emboldened by a swing to the coalition in a by-election for the Division of Flinders.

Such speculation increased after Labour lost the 1983 Bermondsey by-election, in which Peter Tatchell was its candidate, standing against a Tory, a Liberal ( eventual winner Simon Hughes ) and the right wing John O ' Grady, who had declared himself the " real " Labour candidate and fought an openly homophobic campaign against Tatchell.

In a Outremont by-election in 1942, Trudeau campaigned for the anticonscription candidate Jean Drapeau ( later the Mayor of Montreal ), and he was thenceforth expelled from the Officers ' Training Corps for lack of discipline.

Having failed to win Solihull in 1945, he was elected to the House of Commons in a 1948 by-election as the Member of Parliament for Southwark Central, becoming the " Baby of the House.

He was more successful in 1982, being elected in the Glasgow Hillhead by-election as the MP for a previously Conservative-held seat.

His first was in 1963, when he contested the by-election in Stratford-upon-Avon caused by the resignation of John Profumo.

The SNP was founded in 1934, and has had continuous representation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom since Winnie Ewing's groundbreaking victory at the 1967 Hamilton by-election.

They next won a seat in 1967, when Winnie Ewing was the surprise winner of a by-election in the previously safe Labour seat of Hamilton.

He was first elected to Parliament as a Liberal in a 1908 by-election, and was re-elected by acclamation in a 1909 by-election following his appointment as the first-ever Minister of Labour.

The by-election was one of the most notable successes of the SDP-Liberal Alliance period.

Lord Moyne twice stood as Parliamentary Candidate for the Conservative Party, including the Lincoln by-election of 1973, notable for the election of Dick Taverne.

The vacancy he left was filled by Jim Sillars of the Scottish National Party ( SNP ) in the notable Glasgow Govan by-election of 1988.

The riding is notable for the 1942 federal by-election in which newly-elected Conservative leader Arthur Meighen was defeated in his attempt to win a seat in the House of Commons by the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation's ( CCF ) candidate ( assisted by the Liberals ).

The resulting by-election was notable as it was won by Shirley Williams, one of the " gang of four " senior members of the Labour Party who had founded the new Social Democratic Party ( SDP ), becoming the first SDP member to be elected.

From 1964 until his death in 1991 the seat was held by the notable left-winger Eric Heffer ; the subsequent by-election was won by Peter Kilfoyle, who held the seat until 2010.

The most notable success came at Christchurch in Dorset, where a by-election saw the Liberal Democrats unseat the Conservative Party ( whose popularity had slumped since the Black Wednesday economic decable in September 1992 ) by the largest swing against any UK government since 1918.

The 1989 by-election ( see separate article ) was notable for the large number of candidates and the tensions that it caused within the local Labour Party due to the selection of Kate Hoey as the official candidate.

He founded the short lived Campaign for Social Democracy ( CFSD ) thereafter, and wrote a book about events surrounding the by-election called The Future of the Left – Lincoln and After ( 1972 ).

Fermanagh is part of the Fermanagh and South Tyrone Parliamentary Constituency, renowned for high levels of voting and for electing Provisional IRA hunger-striker Bobby Sands as a Member of Parliament in the Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election, April 1981, shortly before his death.

He lost his seat in the 1970 election, but returned as an MP for Glasgow Garscadden at a by-election in 1978.

They want to use the by-election as a de facto referendum for universal suffrage and the abolition of the functional constituencies.

Holt stood again for the federal House of Representatives on 17 August 1935, at a by-election for the marginally conservative seat of Fawkner, this time successfully.

Major kept his economic team unchanged for seven months after Black Wednesday before he replaced Norman Lamont with Kenneth Clarke as Chancellor of the Exchequer, after months of press criticism of Lamont and disastrous defeat at a by-election in Newbury.

In February 1942, he won a by-election for Quebec East, Lapointe's old riding.

Critically, Labour held on in a subsequent by-election in Darlington and Foot remained leader for the 1983 general election.

Later in 1995, Queensland Labor barely held onto its majority at the 1995 state election before losing it altogether in a 1996 by-election held a week after Keating called a federal election for March.

* March 12 – Teenagers in the United Kingdom vote for the first time, in a by-election in Bridgwater.

** Bermondsey by-election, 1983 ( U. K .): Simon Hughes's defeat of Peter Tatchell is criticised for alleged homophobia.

A by-election for the seat was to be held due to the illness of an elderly Tory, and the master of Magdalene College had obtained agreement that none of the major parties would field a candidate if Keynes chose to stand.

Outside the prison in a major publicity coup, Sands was nominated for Parliament and won the Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election.

After unsuccessfully contesting the Labour Party's ultra-safe seat of Normanton at a by-election in 1947 ( when the Labour majority was 62 %), he was elected as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Wolverhampton South West in the 1950 general election.

In May he spoke for Alan Sked of the Anti-Federalist League ( the forerunner of the United Kingdom Independence Party ) who was standing at the Newbury by-election.

Lloyd George was returned as Liberal MP for Carnarvon Boroughs — by a margin of 19 votes — on 13 April 1890 at a by-election caused by the death of the former Conservative member.

" The by-election campaign led directly to " considerable growth " for the party's membership.