This barrier is in contrast to iron or plain carbon steels, where the oxygen migrates into the underlying material and causes rusting.

For iron rust to occur the metal has to be in contact with oxygen and water, although chemical reactions for this process are relatively complex and not all of them are completely understood, it is believed the causes are the following:

This causes the iron atom to move backward into the heme which holds it ( the iron moves upward as it binds oxygen, in this illustration ), tugging the histidine residue ( modeled as a red pentagon on the right of the iron ) closer, as it does.

When oxygen binds to the iron complex, it causes the iron atom to move back toward the center of the plane of the porphyrin ring ( see moving diagram ).

Anemia has many different causes, although iron deficiency and its resultant iron deficiency anemia are the most common causes in the Western world.

Recent archaeological work has modified not only the above chronology, but also the causes of the transition from bronze to iron.

This causes radioactive nickel to become the last element to be produced before collapse of a supernova leads to the explosive events that scatter this precursor radionuclide of iron abundantly into space.

The grain can be used by celiacs ( the gluten in teff does not contain the a-gliadin-fraction that causes a reaction in those with celiac disease ) and has a high concentration of different nutrients, a very high calcium content, and significant levels of the minerals phosphorus, magnesium, aluminum, iron, copper, zinc, boron and barium, and also of thiamin.

There exist other causes of excess iron accumulation, which have to be considered before haemochromatosis is diagnosed.

* Limiting intake of alcoholic beverages, vitamin C ( increases iron absorption in the gut ), red meat ( high in iron ) and potential causes of food poisoning ( shellfish, seafood ).

There may be signs of specific causes of anemia, e. g., koilonychia ( in iron deficiency ), jaundice ( when anemia results from abnormal break down of red blood cells — in hemolytic anemia ), bone deformities ( found in thalassemia major ) or leg ulcers ( seen in sickle-cell disease ).

When a current is passed through the wire wrapped around the iron, its magnetic field penetrates the iron, and causes the domains to turn, aligning parallel to the magnetic field, so their tiny magnetic fields add to the wire's field, creating a large magnetic field that extends into the space around the magnet.

The problem with sulfur is that it makes molten cast iron sluggish, which causes short run defects.

Grey cast iron is characterised by its graphitic microstructure, which causes fractures of the material to have a grey appearance.

Phineas Gage, who suffered destruction of one or both frontal lobes by a projectile iron rod, is often cited as an example illustrating that the brain causes mind.

The scant research that has been done on the causes of pica suggests that the disorder is a specific appetite caused by mineral deficiency in many cases, such as iron deficiency, which sometimes is a result of celiac disease or hookworm infection.

This causes the platy or elongated crystals of minerals, such as mica and chlorite, to become rotated such that their long axes are perpendicular to the orientation of shortening.

The mechanism that causes the electrons in these crystals to form pairs is not known.

Salt crystallization, otherwise known as haloclasty, causes disintegration of rocks when saline solutions seep into cracks and joints in the rocks and evaporate, leaving salt crystals behind.

In the new movie, Kryptonian crystals are able to grow huge land masses and incorporate the properties of the surrounding environment ; a sliver taken from of one of the crystals used to test the theory causes Lex Luthor's basement to be filled with a huge crystal structure.

Voltage depression is caused by repeated over-charging of a battery, which causes the formation of small crystals of electrolyte on the plates.

Some crystals form defects which causes a residual entropy.

Heating white hypereutectic cast iron above causes the formation of austenite in crystals of primary cementite.

Thermomechanical mechanisms involve stresses by thermal expansion ( namely differential thermal expansions, as thermal gradients tend to be involved ), melting / freezing or sublimation / condensation of components, and phase transitions of crystals ( e. g. transition of HMX from beta phase to delta phase at 175 ° C involves a large change in volume and causes extensive cracking of its crystals ).

Hyperphosphatemia causes acute renal failure in tumor lysis syndrome, because of deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the renal parenchyma.

A theory is proposed that slowly changing geological pressure causing stresses on the crystals at the base alters the piezo electrostatic potential and causes particle deposition to be oriented in some relationship to the prevailing pressure orientation.

When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, the electric field formed between the two transparent electrodes on the glass causes the liquid crystals to align, allowing light to pass through the droplets with very little scattering and resulting in a transparent state.

The ions necessary to form calcium carbonate are also secreted by the mantle, but it is the tailored environment created by the organic matrix which causes aragonite ( rather than calcite ) crystals to nucleate, in much the same way that collagen nucleates hydroxyapatite crystals.

In midst of the brawl, Tuxedo Mask hurls one of his trademark roses at her, which causes the container to burst open, surrounding Tellu with pure heart crystals.

Internal deformation occurs when the weight of the ice causes the deformation of ice crystals.

The dysfunction also causes gout, a form of arthritis due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints because of high acidity of the blood ( hyperuricemia ).

This causes ice formation outside of the cell where ice crystals will not cause damage.

Cystinosis is a rare genetic disorder that causes an accumulation of the amino acid cystine within cells, forming crystals that can build up and damage the cells.

The buildup of these crystals in the eye causes an increased sensitivity to light ( photophobia ).

The odontoblast process causes the secretion of hydroxyapatite crystals and mineralization of the matrix.

The subduction of cold oceanic crust into the mantle depresses the local geothermal gradient and causes a larger portion of the earth to deform in a more brittle fashion than it would in a normal geothermal gradient setting.

It can be a push or a pull, which causes an object to change direction, have new velocity, or to deform temporarily or permanently.

Pyruvate kinase deficiency, also called erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency, is an inherited metabolic disorder of the enzyme pyruvate kinase which affects the survival of red blood cells and causes them to deform into echinocytes on peripheral blood smears.

The conditions are categorized as constricted ears, Stahl ’ s ear deformity, and prominent ears, which derive from varied causes, such as the abnormal development and functioning of the intrinsic and extrinsic ear muscles, which might generate forces that deform the auricle ( pinna ); and external forces consequent to malpositioning of the head during the prenatal and neonatal periods of the child ’ s life.

All BMW engines of this period came with thermostats that gradually deform, which causes them to trigger engine cooling at increasingly lower temperatures and worsening fuel economy.

After defeating him he too is revealed to have a soul bug which causes him to sprout arms which are electric in nature as well as deform himself in a way, the latter infected form can only be fought by Lin as Kotaro's path ends here.

As deformation proceeds the geometric instability causes strain to continue concentrating in the neck until the material either ruptures or the necked material hardens enough, as indicated by the second tangent point in the top diagram, to cause other regions of the material to deform instead.