The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected.

Mainstream British cinema also reflected a change in attitudes, with Heat and Dust ( 1982 ), Gandhi ( 1982 ) and Cry Freedom ( 1987 ), although these did not directly address the experiences of minorities in Britain.

The devastating effects of the fire converted the development of insurance " from a matter of convenience into one of urgency, a change of opinion reflected in Sir Christopher Wren's inclusion of a site for ' the Insurance Office ' in his new plan for London in 1667.

This reflected a change in attitude amongst military planners that a land war in Europe was increasingly likely, and a turning away from Tirpitz's scheme for worldwide expansion using the navy.

According to a congressional report, the jamming was caused primarily by a change in gunpowder which was done without adequate testing and reflected a decision for which the safety of soldiers was a secondary consideration.

In classical theory, any change in the marginal cost structure ( how much it costs to make each additional unit ) or the marginal revenue structure ( how much people will pay for each additional unit ) will be immediately reflected in a new price and / or quantity sold of the item.

An amalgam of diverse ideologies and interests, the League reflected a genuine popular wish for social change.

This change in viewpoint would be reflected in the diagnostic criteria sets by the addition of the word “ Disorder ” to all the paraphilias.

This was reflected in the change of the provincial Legislative Assembly to National Assembly in 1968.

Spitzer's own data showed that claims of change were reflected mostly in changes in self-labelling and behavior, less in attractions, and least in the homoerotic content during the masturbatory fantasies ; this particular finding was consistent with other studies in this area.

The change reflected government's aim to highlight the democratic change in South Africa and a new sense of patriotism.

Burnashev and Chernykh said that '.. although these dismissals did not change the formal system of administration in the security and military structures, they reflected serious shifts in power relations among regional elites representing their clans.

This change was also reflected in a later poll taken by Gallup but not reported till after the convention: Willkie had pulled ahead among Republican voters by 44 % to only 29 % for the collapsing Dewey.

If the light were totally reflected then the radiation pressure is doubled compared to total absorption, this is because the photons arrive with momentum E / c and depart with momentum-E / c ( the-ve sign indicates traveling in the opposite direction ), so the change of momentum is 2E / c.

This change was gradually reflected in its increasingly diverse written forms as well.

Heaney's engagement with poetry as a necessary engine for cultural and personal change, is reflected in his prose works The Redress of Poetry ( 1995 ) and Finders Keepers: Selected Prose, 1971 – 2001 ( 2002 ).

The professionalization of economics, reflected in academia, has been described as " the main change in economics since around 1900.

Similarly Knut Faldbakken's novels about the change of men's roles during the women's revolution in the 70's reflected the new direction.

Legal enactment cannot change this reality of the existing engineering possibilities, though some such have not reflected this actuality.

A point reflected upon with some irony by Shia Bahraini writer, Tawfik Al-Rayyash, who in reference to the government / civil society ’ s reaction to Sharaitmadari's remarks said: " I ask myself why this outcry was led by people who, when they enter their homes or meet their families, change their language from Arabic to Persian.

In 1955, continued expansion was reflected in the change of the school's name to Tufts University.

A change of name to East Carolina College in 1951 reflected this expanded mission.

Although the State Highway Commission's minutes reflected its initial approval of the northern route, the issue remained in play, proponents of the southern route ultimately succeeded in persuading a majority of Virginia Highway Commissioners to support the change after a study championed by Perrow demonstrated that it would serve a greater percentage of the state's manufacturing and textile centers.

Though his election was interpreted by many Southerners as the forerunner of a dangerous shift in the federal balance in favor of the Union, Lincoln himself proposed no such change in the rights the Constitution gave the states.

A shift in the walls, or a change in the roof slope, so the sun hits them more obliquely, can save you money.

This abnormal electron density affects the applied magnetic field and causes the observed chemical shift to change.

The Doppler effect ( or Doppler shift ), named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who proposed it in 1842 in Prague, is the change in frequency of a wave ( or other periodic event ) for an observer moving relative to its source.

Other factors can change demand ; for example an increase in income will shift the demand curve for a normal good outward relative to the origin, as in the figure.

Just as on the demand side, the position of the supply can shift, say from a change in the price of a productive input or a technical improvement.

These distinctions translate to differences in the elasticity ( responsiveness ) of the supply curve in the short and long runs and corresponding differences in the price-quantity change from a shift on the supply or demand side of the market.

The research interests of historians change over time, and in recent decades there has been a shift away from traditional diplomatic, economic and political history toward newer approaches, especially social and cultural studies.

The 13th century also saw a general structural change in how land was administered, preparing the shift of political power towards the rising bourgeoisie at the expense of aristocratic feudalism that would characterize the Late Middle Ages.

After settling along the Baltic coast, through contact with other Germans they adopted the cult of the Aesir gods, a shift that represented a cultural change from an agricultural society into a warrior society.

When the planes of an ionic bond slide past one another, the resultant change in location shifts ions of the same charge into close proximity, resulting in the cleavage of the crystal ; such shift is not observed in covalently bonded crystals where fracture and crystal fragmentation occurs.

* 1915 – Three trains collide in the Quintinshill rail crash near Gretna Green, Scotland, killing 227 people and injuring 246 ; the accident is found to be the result of non-standard operating practices during a shift change at a busy junction.

For example, a change in the physical environment ( geographic isolation by an extrinsic barrier ) would follow number 1, a change in camouflage for number 2 or a shift in mating times ( i. e., one species of deer shifts location and therefore changes its " rut ") for number 3.

However, the most important change was to the development process itself, with a shift to a more transparent and community-backed process.

Phase shift is any change that occurs in the phase of one quantity, or in the phase difference between two or more quantities.

But a change in is also referred to as a phase shift.

For infinitely long sinusoids, a change in is the same as a shift in time, such as a time delay.

A change in angle, albeit small, will have a detrimental effect ( especially with stereo recordings ) by creating different forces on the two groove walls, as well as a slight timing shift between left / right channels.

Suggested mechanisms for the latter include large or multiple bolide impact events, increased volcanism, coal / gas fires and explosions from the Siberian Traps, and sudden release of methane clathrate from the sea floor ; gradual changes include sea-level change, anoxia, increasing aridity, and a shift in ocean circulation driven by climate change.

A paradigm shift ( or revolutionary science ) is, according to Thomas Kuhn, in his influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ( 1962 ), a change in the basic assumptions, or paradigms, within the ruling theory of science.

It is often this final conclusion, the result of the long process, that is meant when the term paradigm shift is used colloquially: simply the ( often radical ) change of worldview, without reference to the specificities of Kuhn's historical argument.

This change in perspective was characteristic of the shift from the Christian mediaval period to the modern period, it had been anticipated in other fields and now Descartes was giving it a formulation in the field of philosophy.

In 1887, Vogel and Scheiner discovered the annual Doppler effect, the yearly change in the Doppler shift of stars located near the ecliptic due to the orbital velocity of the Earth.