But evolution is a non-directional process, and while increased complexity is a common effect, there is no reason why evolution cannot tend towards simplicity if that makes an organism better suited to its environment.

The complexity of these interactions makes the calculation of friction from first principles impossible and necessitates the use of empirical methods for analysis and the development of theory.

This diversity of uses and meanings, combined with the complexity of the feelings involved, makes love unusually difficult to consistently define, compared to other emotional states.

It also makes it feasible to build complex multi-step instructions while still reducing the complexity of the electronic circuitry compared to other methods.

This is particularly useful in applications where the complexity of the data or task makes the design of such a function by hand impractical.

) The double exponential complexity of the theory makes it infeasible to use the theorem provers on complicated formulas, but this behavior occurs only in the presence of nested quantifiers: Oppen and Nelson ( 1980 ) describe an automatic theorem prover which uses the simplex algorithm on an extended Presburger arithmetic without nested quantifiers.

The variation and complexity of requirements documentation makes it a proven challenge.

:: The type of network topology in which some of the nodes of the network are connected to more than one other node in the network with a point-to-point link – this makes it possible to take advantage of some of the redundancy that is provided by a physical fully connected mesh topology without the expense and complexity required for a connection between every node in the network.

As the complexity of embedded systems grows, higher level tools and operating systems are migrating into machinery where it makes sense.

Clearly, the complexity of English orthography makes it more difficult for children to learn decoding and encoding rules, and more difficult for teachers to teach them.

Using Landau symbols, the worst case running time of CYK is, where n is the length of the parsed string and | G | is the size of the CNF grammar G. This makes it one of the most efficient parsing algorithms in terms of worst-case asymptotic complexity, although other algorithms exist with better average running time in many practical scenarios.

That complexity typically makes other instructions run slower — i. e., whenever it is not adding up many numbers in a row.

The complexity of a conglomerate's accounts make them harder for managers, investors and regulators to analyze, and makes it easier for management to hide things.

If the solipsist makes her unconscious mind the object of scientific study ( e. g. by conducting experiments ), she will find that it behaves with the same complexity as the universe described by a realist.

In recent times, it has been thought that the complexity of human intelligence makes us special — but the Principle asserts otherwise.

The complexity of the rubrics makes it difficult for priests accustomed to the simpler modern form to celebrate the Tridentine form properly, and it is unclear how many have the required knowledge.

: Because the complexity of the climate makes accurate prediction difficult, the APS urges an enhanced effort to understand the effects of human activity on the Earth ’ s climate, and to provide the technological options for meeting the climate challenge in the near and longer terms.

The complexity makes bugs common, and any bugs in code operating at the kernel level may seriously impact system stability, leading to discovery of the rootkit.

In other cases the use of variable geometry wings, as on the Grumman F-14 Tomcat, allows an aircraft to move the wing to keep it at the most efficient angle regardless of speed, although the cost in complexity and weight makes this a rare feature.

Although Brown was by no means the first American novelist, as some early criticism claimed, the breadth and complexity of his achievement as a writer in multiple genres ( novels, short stories, essays and periodical writings of every sort, poetry, historiography, reviews ) makes him a crucial figure in US literature and culture of the 1790s and first decade of the 19th century, and a significant public intellectual in the wider Atlantic print culture and public sphere of the era of the French Revolution.

However, the complexity of the domain makes it difficult to produce conclusive results ; the success of CSCW systems are often so contingent on the peculiarities of the social context that it is hard to generalize.

The complexity of most power grids often makes the initial cause of a blackout extremely hard to identify.

Brooks makes a distinction between accidental complexity and essential complexity, and asserts that most of what software engineers now do is devoted to the essential, so shrinking all the accidental activities to zero will not give an order-of-magnitude improvement.

The related term spreadmart describes the situation that occurs when one or more business analysts develop a system of linked spreadsheets to perform a business analysis, then grow it to a size and degree of complexity that makes it nearly impossible to maintain.

The IEEE 802. 15 task group 4b was chartered to create a project for specific enhancements and clarifications to the IEEE 802. 15. 4-2003 standard, such as resolving ambiguities, reducing unnecessary complexity, increasing flexibility in security key usage, considerations for newly available frequency allocations, and others.

As a practical matter, with the increasing complexity of products, injuries, and medical care ( which made many formerly fatal injuries survivable ), it is quite a difficult and expensive task to find and retain good expert witnesses who can establish the standard of care, breach, and causation.

Time loop logic, coined by the roboticist and futurist Hans Moravec, is the name of a hypothetical system of computation that exploits the Novikov self-consistency principle to compute answers much faster than possible with the standard model of computational complexity using Turing machines.

The problems that the EJB standard was attempting to address, such as object-relational mapping and transactional integrity, were complex, however many programmers found the APIs to be just as difficult, leading to a perception that EJBs introduced complexity without delivering real benefits.

The GILT Metrics standard comprises three parts: GMX-V for volume metrics, GMX-C for complexity metrics and GMX-Q for quality metrics.

This formulation is especially useful for implementing a numerical convolution on a computer: The standard convolution algorithm has quadratic computational complexity.

Experimental results from this arrangement look promising, but experimental complexity and residual difficulties in the interpretation have prevented this configuration from becoming standard.

All of these points can be addressed in a proper relational system, although the SQL standard and its implementations impose arbitrary restrictions and additional complexity

" Connectance ( C ) is the fraction of all possible links that are realized ( L / S < sup > 2 </ sup >) and represents a standard measure of food web complexity ..." The distance ( d ) between every species pair in a web is averaged to compute the mean distance between all nodes in a web ( D ) and multiplied by the total number of links ( L ) to obtain link-density ( LD ), which is influenced by scale dependent variables such as species richness.

He was noted for the complexity and speed of his performances, which set a new standard for jazz piano virtuosity.

This notion of reducibility is used in the standard definitions of several complete complexity classes, such as NP-complete, PSPACE-complete and EXPTIME-complete.

Higher-order photocentric motions could be represented by a 7-parameter, or even 9-parameter model fit ( compared to the standard 5-parameter model ), and typically such models could be enhanced in complexity until suitable fits were obtained.

The intent of the H. 264 / AVC project was to create a standard capable of providing good video quality at substantially lower bit rates than previous standards ( i. e., half or less the bit rate of MPEG-2, H. 263, or MPEG-4 Part 2 ), without increasing the complexity of design so much that it would be impractical or excessively expensive to implement.

With the popularity of the PC and its standard keyboard interface, it became ever easier to connect physical hardware to a PC and so there was commercial demand similarly to reduce the complexity of the associated software.

Despite these complexity bounds, both standard and reduced Gröbner bases are often computable in practice, and most computer algebra systems contain routines to do so.

The T-state is neither ' actual ', nor ' potential ' ( categories replacing in Lupasco's system the ' true ' or ' false ' values of standard bivalent logic ), but a resolution of the two contradictory elements at a higher level of reality or complexity.

The town of Los Gatos and city of Saratoga added to the complexity and cost of the planning and implementation ; to avoid excessive noise, they insisted that the freeway be built below grade ( at an eventual additional cost of US $ 60 million ), that it have only three lanes in each direction: the leftmost lane being a HOV lane, and two lanes carrying standard traffic ; furthermore, no trucks over 4. 5 tons ( 4. 0 metric tons ) be allowed on the road.

A standard proof ( or certificate ), as used in the verifier-based definition of the complexity class NP, also satisfies these requirements, since the checking procedure deterministically reads the whole proof, always accepts correct proofs and rejects incorrect proofs.

For extreme settings of the parameters, the definition of probabilistically checkable proofs is easily seen to be equivalent to standard complexity classes.

The USB-IF insisted on this for USB 2. 0 instead of having a different standard for PCI-based USB interfaces, which would have increased complexity and therefore costs.

This definition has a reduced quantifier complexity when compared with the standard ( ε, δ )- definition.

It has the same quantifier complexity as the definition of uniform continuity in terms of sequences in standard calculus, which however is not expressible in the first-order language of the real numbers.

The NDIS is a library of functions often referred to as a " wrapper " that hides the underlying complexity of the NIC hardware and serves as a standard interface for level 3 network protocol drivers and hardware level MAC drivers.

Some others need slightly more effort, for example: Queue, Double-ended queues ( dequeue ), Min-Dequeue ( which have additional operation min returning minimal element in constant time without incurring additional complexity on standard operations of queuing and dequeuing on both ends ), Random access list ( with constant cons / head as single linked list, but with additional operation of random access with sub-linear, most often logarithmic, complexity ), Random access queue, Random access double-ended queue and Random access stack ( as well Random access Min-List, Min-Queue, Min-Dequeue, Min-Stack ).