One of the reasons for using more HIV tests despite their expense is that, rather than overestimating AIDS as Duesberg suggests, the Bangui definition alone excluded nearly half of African AIDS patients.

The liberal arts education ( Latin: artes liberales ) is a type of education with those subjects or skills that in classical antiquity were considered essential for a free person, in other words, a citizen, to know in order to take an active part in civic life and public debate and most importantly, military service ( slaves and resident aliens were by definition excluded from the duties and responsibilities of citizenship ).

A consequence of this definition of truth was the rejection of the law of the excluded middle, for there are statements that, according to Brouwer, could not be claimed to be true while their negations also could not be claimed true.

:" Now if Q ( x ) is a partial recursive predicate, there is a decision procedure for Q ( x ) on its range of definition, so the law of the excluded middle or excluded " third " ( saying that, Q ( x ) is either t or f ) applies intuitionistically on the range of definition.

The effect of this limitation would mean that people such as the some of the Quebec, and Ontario Métis would be excluded from the legal definition and relegated to lower case'm ' métis status.

This trivial case is excluded in the definition of a Fermat pseudoprime given by Crandall and Pomerance:

By way of an example, the narrower definition excludes storks and gulls, which can eat quite large fish, partly because these birds catch and kill prey entirely with their beaks, and similarly bird-eating skuas, fish-eating penguins, and vertebrate-eating kookaburras are excluded.

In the United States ' Taiwan Relations Act, the ROC-controlled islands of Quemoy and Matsu were excluded from the definition of " Taiwan ", and are regarded as parts of mainland China.

The international definition of conscientious objection officially broadened on March 8, 1995 when the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995 / 83 stated that " persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service.

* Telephone broadcasting ( 1881 – 1932 ): the earliest form of electronic broadcasting ( not counting data services offered by stock telegraph companies from 1867, if ticker-tapes are excluded from the definition ).

One usage has antonym referring to both gradable opposites, such as long: short, and ( non-gradable ) complementary opposites, such as male: female, while opposites of the types up: down and precede: follow are excluded from the definition.

Foot-launched aircraft are excluded from this definition.

Diseases that are statistically rare, but not also life-threatening, chronically debilitating, or inadequately treated, are excluded from their definition.

Usually the mass noun " machinery " encompasses them, but sometimes it is used to imply only those machines that are being excluded from the definition of " machine tool ".

The new statute was a far cry from the 1970 Manifesto, and its definition of the Kurdish autonomous area explicitly excluded the oil-rich areas of Kirkuk, Khanaqin and Shingal / Sinjar.

The defense of infancy is a form of defense known as an excuse so that defendants falling within the definition of an " infant " are excluded from criminal liability for their actions, if at the relevant time, they had not reached an age of criminal responsibility.

( It was also later criticized as being not physically possible in exact accordance with its original definition: among other things the 1976 definition excluded a necessary small offset for the initial epoch of 1977.

Certain types of operation such as routine maintenance of an existing building are specifically excluded from the definition of development.

Blumenbach excluded peoples of Southeast Asian islands and Pacific Islanders from his definition in 1779, as he considered them to be part of the Malay race.

The definition of wear may include loss of dimension from plastic deformation if it is originated at the interface between two sliding surfaces. However, plastic deformation such as yield stress is excluded from the wear definition if it doesn't incorporates a relative sliding motion and contact against another surface despite the possibility for material removal, because it then lacks the relative sliding action of another surface. Impact wear is in reality a short sliding motion where two solid bodies interact at an exceptional short time interval.

The Arrhenius definition states that acids are substances which increase the concentration of hydronium ions ( H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sup >+</ sup >) in solution.

In Aristotle, substances are to be clarified by stating their definition: a note expressing a larger class ( the genus ) followed by further notes expressing specific differences ( differentiae ) within the class.

However, this definition only works well for substances that are composed of molecules, which is not true of many substances ( see below ).

A broad definition, used generally throughout history, is that chemical affinity is that whereby substances enter into or resist decomposition.

Items not included in the legal definition of food include animal feed, live animals ( unless being prepared for sale in a market ), plants prior to harvesting, medicinal products, cosmetics, tobacco and tobacco products, narcotic or psychotropic substances, and residues and contaminants.

Today, law enforcement agencies, popular media, the United Nations, other nations and even some medical practitioners can be observed applying the term very broadly and often pejoratively in reference to a wide range of illicit substances, regardless of the more precise definition existing in medical contexts.

There have been several recent proposals to amend the definition to consider biogenic or amorphous substances as minerals.

This definition often breaks down since many substances in ordinary experience, such as rocks, salts, and metals, are composed of large networks of chemically bonded atoms or ions, but are not made of discrete molecules.

A better definition would distinguish between lethal substances that provide a therapeutic value and those that do not.

" However, the term porcelain lacks a universal definition and has " been applied in a very unsystematic fashion to substances of diverse kinds which have only certain surface-qualities in common " ( Burton 1906 ).

The remainder of this article covers Quideau and WBSSH polyphenols, with the former providing the least restrictive definition for including chemical substances and their activities in the discussion.

This legislation places both anabolic steroids and some prohormones on a list of controlled substances ( a new type of " regulatory control "). Statutory definition of Anabolic steroids: “ The term ' anabolic steroid ' means any drug or hormonal substance, chemically and pharmacologically related to testosterone ( other than estrogens, progestins, corticosteroids and dehydroepiandrosterone )”.

The Act also lists substances called prohormones, qualifying them as anabolic steroids, yet these substances were mainly included in the list due to the generalization of the definition of anabolic steroids which makes it currently impossible to synthesize any further substances linked with testosterone for the needs of athlete supplementation.

" In more recent times, plant researchers have begun to switch back to the original definition of substances that are produced by one plant that inhibit another plant.

This definition also remains in use for physiological antagonists, substances that have opposing physiological actions, but act at different receptors.

The pharmacological definition cannot apply to these substances because utilization and absorption is a function of the nutritional status and physiological state of the subject, resulting in even greater differences from individual to individual ( inter-individual variation ).

It is not a static definition since new research can often modify the risk assessment of substances and new laboratory or instrumental analysis methods can improve analytical detection limits.

Based on this, she offered a definition incorporating those elements, stating that euthanasia " must be defined as death that results from the intention of one person to kill another person, using the most gentle and painless means possible, that is motivated solely by the best interests of the person who dies.

Both of these claims are controversial as the term's common definition as used by gamers ( to describe a video game match in which players kill each other over and over, respawning after each time they die ) predates both titles by over a decade.

Other researchers also include those who attempt suicide with the intent to kill themselves in the definition of parasuicide.

The first definition is used to express a " gentle and loving " being, which Clarence uses to describe his brother Richard to the murderers that were sent to kill him.

Isistius species have been referred to as partly ectoparasitic, but they sometimes overwhelm their hosts and kill them, which by definition amounts to parasitoidy.

In England and Wales, the definition of murder requires only an intent to cause grievous bodily harm to the victim, rather than specific intent to kill ; the effect is the same as that of the felony murder rule applied to crimes of personal violence, though not to all felonies.

The definition of " take " is to " harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct ".