" However, held the Cadillac court, " one who manufactures articles dangerous only if defectively made, or installed, e. g., tables, chairs, pictures or mirrors hung on the walls, carriages, automobiles, and so on, is not liable to third parties for injuries caused by them, except in case of willful injury or fraud ,"

Special damages may be allowed if shown proximately caused by defendant's fraud and the damage amounts are proved with specificity.

In 2009, previous Hume Bank president, Jeffrey W. Thompson, 40, of Hume, Mo., plead guilty before U. S. Magistrate Judge Sarah W. Hays to the charges of making false statements to the FDIC as part of a bank fraud scheme that caused such significant losses that the bank was pushed into insolvency.

There is never any subsequent adjustment to the published VaR, and there is no distinction between VaR breaks caused by input errors ( including Information Technology breakdowns, fraud and rogue trading ), computation errors ( including failure to produce a VaR on time ) and market movements.

A misstatement is defined as false or missing information, whether caused by fraud ( including deliberate misstatement ) or error.

Increased demand caused by the destruction of existing buildings does not add to a seller's costs, so to take advantage of buyers ' increased willingness to pay constituted a species of fraud in Aquinas's view.

The investigation into circulation fraud by Sally Aw at The Standard has been cited as an example of the embarrassment caused by such non-cooperation with the government hierarchy.

He stated that he wanted nothing more to do with the motor due to the notoriety caused him by the Philadelphia Press's report and when asked whether he thought the motor was a fraud simply replied that he had not arrived at any such conclusion and had decided to make no further investigations.

This is seen as being able to reduce the amount of debit card fraud caused by card skimming and duplication.

Critics claim that in modern society with world-wide conglomerates, or even merely large companies, the individual has no protection against fraud nor harm caused by products that maximize income by imposing externalities on the individual consumer as well as society.

Fabiaschi was tasked with leading the company out of the challenges caused by the fraud trial and renewing trust relationships with customers.

He told a reporter " it seemed some of the government's people caused the problem ", and that people working on behalf of the government " may have been involved in some of this fraud to discredit the campaign.

The lead prosecutor said the case involved " willful and massive fraud that has caused a lot of people to suffer ".

As a result, he was charged with fraud, due to the bankruptcy caused by his abandonment of business, and spent two years in jail.

Due to Conacher being named in a fraud trial in February 1943, which caused a minor scandal, he was challenged for the Liberal nomination in Bracondale by Toronto city alderman E. C. Bogart.

The Supreme Court ruling caused difficulty because even though it only concerned non-disclosure of HIV-positive status in sexual situations, it unanimously rejected of the English authority of R v Clarence, L ’ Heureux-Dubé stating that any fraud could vitiate consent to all types of assault because the autonomy and physical integrity of the person has been violated.

Some of the artifacts he has uncovered have produced great excitement in religious and archaeological circles, and have caused allegations of fraud and forgery.

Chossudovsky believes that the financial meltdown of the world's market was caused by deliberate fraud of powerful institutions.

The relator need not have been personally harmed by the defendant's conduct ; instead, the relator is recognized as receiving legal standing to sue by way of a " partial assignment " of the injury to the government caused by the alleged fraud.

In 1926 the anonymously-published Whispering Gallery, purporting to be diary pages from leading political figures, caused him to be prosecuted for attempted fraud.

Peter Franklin ( F .) Paul ( born September 2, 1948 )< ref name =" USDOJ 2005-03-08 "> United States Attorney's Office, " Peter Paul, co-founder of Stan Lee Media, Inc., pleads guilty to securities fraud ; Fraud scheme caused $ 25 million in losses to investors and financial institutions ", press release, March

In June 1956, workers in the industrial city of Poznań went on strike caused by the appaling working conditions and wage fraud.

There are two primary types of fraud: Fraud in the Execution, for example, the testator was told the Will he signed was something other than a Will, and Fraud in the Inducement, for example, the testator is intentionally misled by a material fact which caused the testator to make a different devise than he would otherwise have made.

Xavier admits that in death, Magneto had finally gained legitimacy amongst humans and mutants alike as a true figure for change in society but that his return and the mass murders he committed had caused the world to label Magneto as a fraud.

By that time, there was great concern that the national deficit had risen dangerously and President Ronald Reagan had declared that a vast amount of government spending was being misused through waste and fraud.

The Plan of Ayala called for all lands stolen under Díaz to be immediately returned: there was considerable land fraud under the old dictator, so a great deal of territory was involved.

Lucio declared election fraud even though all the polls conducted well before election day gave a great advantage to Rafael Correa, and even when international observers from the European Union declared total transparency of the election process.

Around this time, Hermione is exceptionally stressed by all of her work, and in a day she slaps Malfoy for picking on Hagrid and she quits Divination, concluding that Professor Trelawney is a great fraud.

If it's false, we're engaged in a great fraud.

Because of the City's role as a world financial centre, the City of London Police has developed a great deal of expertise in dealing with fraud and " is the acknowledged lead force within the UK for economic crime investigation.

However, these official-sounding phrases and more are the hallmark of the so-called " prime bank " fraud ; they may sound great on paper, but the guaranteed offshore investment with the vague claims of an easy 100 % monthly return are all fictitious financial instruments intended to defraud individuals.

The National Hunt Committee finds no evidence of fraud, exonerates all involved, and Velvet and her family return to their ordinary lives ; or rather, Velvet goes on " to her next adventures ", for clearly she is a person to whom great things happen.

The game is tongue-in-cheek in its presentation of banana republics, using a great deal of humor while still referencing such topics as totalitarianism, electoral fraud, and the interventions of powerful companies ( United Fruit is implied ) and the Cold War superpowers ( the United States and Soviet Union ).

Even the most essential prerequisite of its market's proper functioning, the prevention of fraud and deception ( including exploitation of ignorance ), provides a great and by no means fully accomplished object of legislative activity.

Although electoral fraud was common, it did not pass unobserved by Pedro II, or the politicians and experts of that time, who considered it a great problem to be resolved.

Another rationale for the Constitutional monarchy, according to British writer and historical biographer Piers Brendon is that the monarchy is part of the gigantic machinery of propaganda and mass persuasion where the role of the monarch is shrouded in mystery and unaccountability, and the role or function of the monarch is never questioned nor descendent tolerated and given any public airing, by the main stream media presented by the media as ' the great public consensus ' leading to nothing more than large scale deception and fraud. Real power lies with the relatively unknown procedure known as the Royal Prerogative, not with the monarch at all.

This led to a great deal of fraud and many shenanigans meant to keep people from voting.

And though Louÿs displayed great knowledge of ancient Greek culture, ranging from children's games in " Tortie Tortue " to application of scents in " Perfumes ", the poems were eventually exposed as a literary fraud.

: In divorce litigation it is well known that the parties often seek to evade the statutory limitations and thus there is great danger of perjury, collusion, and fraud.

A Prosecution is brought when the value of the overpaid benefit is so great, or the period of the fraud is lengthy, or the person may have been in a position of trust, or the fraud was very blatant.

* Plazak, Dan A hole in the ground with a liar at the top: fraud and deceit in the golden age of American mining ( 2006 ) University of Utah Press, ISBN 978-0-87480-840-7 pp 374 ( contains a chapter on the great diamond hoax )

* Genessee Kagy of the Daily Californian wrote that " Menopause's collection of great oldies, clever tongue-in-cheek lyrics and entertaining dance routines prevented me from making any I-Need-Air trips to the restroom despite the fact that I hadn't felt like such a fraud since I turned eighteen-years old.

The Magistrate became a great judge, but fell into corruption and eventually was convicted for fraud.