The definition of fractal goes beyond self-similarity per se to exclude trivial self-similarity and include the idea of a detailed pattern repeating itself.

This idea of being detailed relates to another feature that can be understood without mathematical background: Having a fractional or fractal dimension greater than its topological dimension, for instance, refers to how a fractal scales compared to how geometric shapes are usually perceived.

In particular, Lewontin, Rose & Kamin drew a detailed distinction between the politics and history of an idea and its scientific validity, as has Stephen Jay Gould.

Although concentrating on the Moon missions, von Braun also detailed an orbiting laboratory built out of an Horizon upper stage, an idea used for Skylab.

The rabbis taught a " quite literally ... down-to-earth " view of the eternalness of God: That " God is eternal but it is not given to man to explore the full meaning of this idea ," and so " one cannot, therefore, expect to find in the rabbinic literature anything like a detailed examination of what is meant by divine eternity.

More detailed electron microscopic comparisons between cyanobacteria and chloroplasts ( for example studies by Hans Ris ), combined with the discovery that plastids and mitochondria contain their own DNA ( which by that stage was recognized to be the hereditary material of organisms ) led to a resurrection of the idea in the 1960s.

He had replied that, contrary to all his previous detailed assertions, he had no idea where the map came from, beyond Ferrajoli ( who had been convicted of theft shortly after the sale, and died shortly after leaving prison ).

According to René Chartrand, Lt. Col. Jean Martinet introduced the idea of having men detailed to throw grenades in the Régiment du Roi in 1667.

He introduced several revolutionary concepts to fantasy fiction popularized the idea of intricately detailed fantasy worlds.

A host of other 19th century English authors were influenced by the idea, notably evident in the detailed physiognomic descriptions of characters in the novels of Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and Charlotte Brontë.

Mao's idea, rather, was to devolve powers to provincial and local authorities, in practice Party committees rather than state technocrats, and to use mass mobilization rather than either a detailed central plan or the market to promote economic growth.

In geometry, curve sketching ( or curve tracing ) includes techniques that can be used to produce a rough idea of overall shape of a plane curve given its equation without computing the large numbers of points required for a detailed plot.

Tartikoff wrote in his memoirs that his biggest professional regret was cancelling the series Buffalo Bill, which he later went on to include in a fantasy " dream schedule " created for a TV Guide article that detailed his idea of " The Greatest Network Ever.

The book includes great detail about Oregon prison life, including detailed descriptions about fellow prisoners, of whom he writes " forced sterilization maybe wasn't such a bad idea.

He has said that one of his guiding principles has been nullius in verba ( take nobody's word, the motto of the Royal Society ), saying that " if scientists as a whole denounce an idea, this should not necessarily be taken as proof that the said idea is absurd ; rather, one should examine carefully the alleged grounds for such opinions and judge how well these stand up to detailed scrutiny.

This interpretation has since been refuted by more detailed study, but the apparent suggestion of extraterrestrial involvement caught the public imagination, though there is some disagreement as to how seriously Shklovsky intended the idea to be taken.

Joan Pujol Garcia, known by the British code name Garbo and the German code name Arabel, was a double agent loyal to the Allies who played a crucial role in the deception by supplying Germany with detailed information from a network of non-existent sub-agents supporting the idea that the main invasion was to be in the Pas-de-Calais.

** Analytic frame, a detailed sketch or outline of some social phenomenon, representing initial idea of a scientist analyzing this phenomenon

His 2008 film Rembrandt's J ' Accuse is a sequel or follow-on, and covers the same idea, using extremely detailed analysis of the compositional elements in the painting ; in this Greenaway describes The Night Watch as ( currently ) the fourth most famous painting in the Western world, after the Mona Lisa, the Last Supper and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

Stulen decided to adopt the idea to run stress calculations on the rotors, the first detailed automated calculations on helicopter rotors.

Milonni writes: " The basic idea here will be that the Casimir force may be derived from the source fields alone even in completely conventional QED, ..." Milonni provides detailed argument that the measurable physical effects usually attributed to the vacuum electromagnetic field cannot be explained by that field alone, but require in addition a contribution from the self-energy of the electrons, or their radiation reaction.

Cassuto's The Documentary Hypothesis and the Composition of the Pentateuch ( Hebrew, Torat HaTeudot, 1941 ; English translation, 1961 ) was one of the first mainstream works to offer a detailed critique of Wellhausen, rejecting both the central idea of the documentary model-that the Pentateuch had its origins in originally separate documents which had been combined by an editor into the final text-and Wellhausen's dating, which saw the four sources being composed between 950 and 550 BC with the final redaction around 450 BC.

One possible idea by this essay is to agree ahead of time that following attainment of a final status agreement there will be a negotiated detailed and staged implementation agreement which would define a process which would allow the creation of a stable functional Palestinian state in stages and over time.

Another new idea, that of meritocracy, led to the introduction of the Imperial examination system in China.

Carpenter had observed from close examination of everyday experience that under certain circumstances the mere idea of a muscular movement could be sufficient to produce a reflexive, or automatic, contraction or movement of the muscles involved, albeit in a very small degree.

This new idea, of the meritocracy, led to the introduction of the Imperial examination system in China.

The idea of using this particular raw material originated from Edison's recalling his examination of a few threads from a bamboo fishing pole while relaxing on the shore of Battle Lake in the present-day state of Wyoming, where he and other members of a scientific team had traveled so that they could clearly observe a total eclipse of the sun on July 29, 1878, from the Continental Divide.

Heavily influenced by the work of Gloria Anzaldúa, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Judith Butler, and Lauren Berlant, queer theory builds both upon feminist challenges to the idea that gender is part of the essential self and upon gay / lesbian studies ' close examination of the socially constructed nature of sexual acts and identities.

And anyway they shouldn ’ t have to pass an examination because they ’ re poets who are writing poetry, and I don ’ t like the idea of grading poems.

Whilst not amenable to a strictly logical examination, Spengler's idea of the culture is, he claims, justifiable through the existence of recurrent patterns of development and decline across the 1, 000 years of each culture's active lifetime.

His inference was as follows: " If we set aside the idea of a document forged with the greatest care, it is manifestly evident that the same person has written all the papers given for examination, including the incriminating document.

Some men, taking an idea from the book, said they might ask the sergeant at the draft examination to " button me, Mister ".

The idea behind this examination was to focus on the interactions that take place on the Internet.

In the book, Sagan states that if a new idea continues in existence after an examination of the propositions has revealed it to be false, it should then be acknowledged as a supposition.

The heart of such analyses lies in socio-technical interaction networks, a framework built around the idea that humans and the technologies they build are “ co-constitutive ”, bound together, and that any examination of one must necessarily consider the other.

That may be so re the actual terminology but closer examination of the sources does indicate a much earlier expression of the idea.

A 1994 examination of 32 English sport / exercise science textbooks found that 7 ( 21. 9 %) claimed that there are biophysical differences due to race that might explain differences in sports performance, 24 ( 75 %) did not mention nor refute the concept, and 1 ( 3. 12 %) expressed caution with the idea.

In an article entitled " Neither Denial nor Forgetfulness Will Free Us " first published in the Frankfurter Rundschau on December 1, 1986, Mommsen argued that Historikerstreit was a result of the failures of modern society Mommsen argued that in the prosperous 1950s-60s, most Germans were happy to forget about their recent past, and looked forward to a brighter future Starting with the oil shock of the early 1970s and the rise of fundamentalist Islam in the late 1970s, Mommsen argued that the idea of a progressively better future was discredited, leading to a pessimistic public mood, and the a renewed interest in history This had occurred in tandem in a period when German historians had started to make a more critical examination of their recent past As a result at the precise mood when public demanded a past that could make them feel good about being Germans, German historians came under attack for not writing the sort of history the public wanted Mommsen argued that the work of those like Ernst Nolte was intended to provide the sort of history that would allow Germans feel good about being Germans by engaging in “… an explanatory strategy that … will be seen as a justification of National Socialist crimes by all those who are still under the influence of the extreme anti-Soviet propaganda of National Socialism " Mommsen charged that Ernst Nolte was attempting to egregiously whitewash the German past.

The slightest examination of the seal will disclose to the Honorable Council the eagle, the proud and appropriate emblem of our national power, bearing in its beak an Indian arrow, and clutching in its talons an unstrung bow ; and while the idea thus delicately evolved is so well calculated to make the eye glisten with patriotic pride, and cause the heart to beat high with the pulsations of conscious superiority, it nevertheless presents a touching appeal to our manly sensibilities.

Pope Sixtus V was the first to distribute this administrative business among different congregations of cardinals ; and in his Apostolic Constitution Immensa Aeterni Dei ( 22 Janunary 1588 ) he generalized the idea, already conceived and partly reduced to practice by some of his predecessors, of committing one or another case or a group of cases to the examination, or to the decision, of several cardinals.

Foucault's first major book, written while he was the director of the Maison de France in Sweden, it is an examination of the cultural, legal, political philosophical and medical construction of madness in Europe, from the Middle Ages to the end of the eighteenth century, and a critique of the idea of history and historical method.