The history of computing is longer than the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology and includes the history of methods intended for pen and paper or for chalk and slate, with or without the aid of tables.

His paper, published in February 1982, includes numerous references to remote viewing replication studies at the time.

Wreen also considered a seventh requirement: "( 7 ) The good specified in ( 6 ) is, or at least includes, the avoidance of evil ", although as Wreen noted in the paper, he was not convinced that the restriction was required.

* Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery's Pre-Raphaelite Online Resource includes almost two hundred paintings on canvas and works on paper by Ford Madox Brown

* 1858 – Charles Darwin receives a paper from Alfred Russel Wallace that includes nearly identical conclusions about evolution as Darwin's own, prompting Darwin to publish his theory.

However, Western occult practice mostly includes the use of astrology ( calculating the influence of heavenly bodies ), bibliomancy ( reading random passages from a book, such as Liber Legis or the I Ching ), tarot ( a deck of 78 cards, each with symbolic meaning, usually laid out in a meaningful pattern ), and geomancy ( a method of making random marks on paper or in earth that results in a combination of sixteen patterns ).

* Pascal and its Successors paper by Niklaus Wirth – also includes short biography.

Most polymer electronics are laminar electronics, a category that also includes transparent electronic package and paper based electronics.

Chinese paper folding includes a style called Golden Venture Folding where large numbers of pieces are put together to make elaborate models.

It includes 32-bit versions of Corel WordPerfect 7, Corel Quattro Pro 7 and Corel Presentations 7 ; Envoy 7, InfoCentral 7, Desktop Application Director, Corel Barista, QuickTasks, Paradox 7, CorelFLOW 3, CorelDRAW 6 ( illustration module ), Corel A to Z, Netscape Navigator, Quick View Plus, IBM VoiceType Control, 10, 000 clipart images, 200 photos, 59 instructional demos, Corel Screen Saver, Sidekick 95, Dashboard 95, Corel Time Line, 1, 000 fonts, Stedman's Electronic Medical Dictionary 3. 0, Stedman's Plus Spell Checker 4. 0, 20 QuickTasks ( 23 Corel WordPerfect 7 templates ) for health care, Template and style guides for research paper submissions, 20 medical master templates for Corel Presentations 7, 30 medical image watermarks, additional medical clipart and medical illustration images, Additional QuickConnect Internet links to National Library of Medicine, Corel Medical Series web page and Corel Photo Studio.

For instance, the 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style permits the use of both in-text citation systems and / or footnotes or endnotes, including use of " content notes "; it gives information about in-text citation by page number ( like MLA style ) or by year of publication ( like APA style ); it even provides for variations in styles of footnotes and endnotes, depending on whether the paper includes a full bibliography at the end.

* This paper includes a method of identifying software patents that has proved popular with organisations such as the Public Patent Foundation.

The diverse economy includes one paper mill, a glass gift outlet, several telemarketing facilities, and a factory that does metal fabrication plus plastics molding.

The collection includes an original copy of the 1953 Nature paper where Nobel winners James D. Watson and Francis Crick first described the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.

Its production includes bleached paper and paperboard for packaging, and is the second largest on the East Coast.

Wake County's industrial base includes electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment ; clothing and apparel ; food processing ; paper products ; and pharmaceuticals.

— the medium of sheet music typically is paper ( or, in earlier times, parchment ), although the access to musical notation in recent years includes also presentation on computer screens.

Industry in Effingham County includes paper manufacturing-Georgia Pacific ( Savannah River Mill ), high-precision turbine blade production-Doncasters, aluminum geodesic dome production-Temcor, concrete pipe manufacturing-Hanson, customized business jet interiors-Edward ’ s Interiors, electrical distribution power transformer production-EFACEC PT, among many others.

The jewellery collection, containing over 6000 items is one of the finest and most comprehensive collections of jewellery in the world and includes works dating from Ancient Egypt to the present day, as well as jewellery designs on paper.

These are respectively published by an editorial team that includes Paul Rogers and ' John Connor ' ( who subtitle their version of the paper as the original and best ), and Steve Booth, who has publicly renounced some of his earlier published views and expressed a wish to ' return to the magazine's roots '.

* Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery's Pre-Raphaelite Online Resource includes almost two hundred paintings on canvas and works on paper by Millais

The paper circulates in the morning to an area that includes Morgan County, Lawrence County, and Limestone County, and parts of Cullman County, and Winston County

The Fairview Enterprise is the weekly paper produced locally and includes not only news of interest but also social summaries about residents and former residents.

The paper includes local news, announcements, and logs.

This expansion incorporated the Cheatham County Industrial Park, which includes Triton Boat as well as barge building operations, paper products, and concrete manufacturers along the Cumberland River.

The apical complex includes vesicles called rhoptries and micronemes, which open at the anterior of the cell.

It is an open registry and includes ships from more than 43 countries, including Greece, Germany, and Russia.

The church has an open canon which includes four scriptural texts: the Bible ( both Old and New Testaments ), the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price.

Slightly more generally, any space with a finite topology ( only finitely many open sets ) is compact ; this includes in particular the trivial topology.

Furthermore its platform includes a legal and political order based on human rights and democracy ; balanced economic and financial administration ; fair and open social welfare ; educational and cultural reform ; independent defence and peaceful foreign policy.

Open learning system often includes aspects of e-learning. There are numerous universities and organizations that create open educational resources for self-motivated students to access anywhere, at any time.

Travis Jackson has also proposed a broader definition of jazz which is able to encompass all of the radically different eras: he states that it is music that includes qualities such as " swinging ", improvising, group interaction, developing an ' individual voice ', and being ' open ' to different musical possibilities ".

Although Torvalds believes " open source is the only right way to do software ", he also has said that he uses the " best tool for the job ", even if that includes proprietary software.

It also includes advanced GPU performance with OpenCL ( a cross platform open standard for GPGPU distinct from CUDA, Dx11 Compute Shader or STREAM ) by providing support to offload work normally only destined for a CPU to the graphic card's GPU.

Film makers may also reverse this process, creating an original image that includes visual information that extends above and below the widescreen theatrical image ; this is called " open matte ".

The modern British system includes not only a government formed by the majority party ( or coalition of parties ) in the House of Commons but also an organised and open opposition formed by those who are not members of the governing party.

For purposes of international statistical comparison, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) defines a road as " a line of communication ( travelled way ) using a stabilized base other than rails or air strips open to public traffic, primarily for the use of road motor vehicles running on their own wheels ," which includes " bridges, tunnels, supporting structures, junctions, crossings, interchanges, and toll roads, but not cycle paths.

Pore space includes the open spaces within a rock or a soil.

String theory includes both open strings, which have two distinct endpoints, and closed strings making a complete loop.

This model describes, in low enough energies, a quantum gravity theory, which also includes ( if open strings are incorporated as well ) gauge fields such as the photon ( or, in more general terms, any gauge theory ).

At the UPenn Museum the exhibition Iraq's Ancient Past, which includes many of the most famous pieces from the Royal Tombs, is expected to be open to visitors in late Spring 2011.

Show jumping, also known as " stadium jumping ," " open jumping ," or " jumpers ," is a member of a family of English riding equestrian events that also includes dressage, eventing, hunters, and equitation.

The turnkey process includes all of the steps involved to open a location including the site selection, negotiations, space planning, construction coordination and complete installation.

The table shows the success rates and numbers of treatments for treatments involving both small and large kidney stones, where Treatment A includes all open procedures and Treatment B is percutaneous nephrolithotomy:

* Revised Overture ( arranged by Geoffrey Toye, 1920 ; includes " I once was as meek ", " When the night wind howls ", " I know a youth ", " My eyes are fully open ", " I shipped, d ' ye see " and Hornpipe )

" The bulletin also includes its mission " To make our vision a reality daily by being: Loving and open, faith-filled and prayerful, gracious stewards, passionate about the needs of others ".

Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the colon ( large intestine ), that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores.

From an Open Source software providers perspective there is the model of open core which includes a feature-limited version of the product and an open core version.

A group of mostly desert plants called " CAM " plants ( Crassulacean acid metabolism, after the family Crassulaceae, which includes the species in which the CAM process was first discovered ) open their stomata at night ( when water evaporates more slowly from leaves for a given degree of stomatal opening ), use PEPcarboxylase to fix carbon dioxide and store the products in large vacuoles.