", and terms such as " attitude " or " attitudinal " may replaced " interpersonal " as contrasting with institutional classism, as in the Association of Magazine Media's definition of classism as " any attitude or institutional practice which subordinates people due to income, occupation, education and / or their economic condition.

One definition says: " as a methodological ideal, holism implies ... that one does not permit oneself to believe that our own established institutional boundaries ( e. g. between politics, sexuality, religion, economics ) necessarily may be found also in foreign societies.

It is believed that there is no numerical value that determines a religion per definition of the ABS, but there would need to be a belief system or philosophy as well as some form of institutional or organisational structure in place.

Giddens replied that a structural principle is not equivalent with rules, and pointed to his definition from A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism: " Structural principles are principles of organisation implicated in those practices most " deeply " ( in time ) and " pervasively " ( in space ) sedimented in society ", and described structuration as a " mode of institutional articulation " with emphasis on the relationship between time and space and a host of institutional orderings including, but not limited to, rules.

The Power Elite ( 1956 ) describes the relationships among the political, military, and economic elites, noting that they share a common world view made up of the following components: a " military metaphysic ," in other words a military definition of reality ; " class identity ," recognizing themselves as separate from and superior to the rest of society ; " interchangeability ," i. e., they move within and between the three institutional structures and hold interlocking positions of power therein ; cooptation / socialization, in other words, socialization of prospective new members is done based on how well they " clone " themselves socially after already established elites.

Another definition is the interdisciplinary study of the design, uses and consequences of information technologies that takes into account their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts.

By definition, institutional investors are opposed to individual actors on the financial markets.

The definition of the term is not always precise, and institutional definitions such as museum " Departments of Antiquities " often cover later periods, but in normal usage Gothic objects, for example, would not now be described as antiquities, though in 1700 they might well have been, as the cut-off date for antiquities has tended to retreat since the word was first found in English in 1513.

In general, national accounts adopt a very wide definition of production ; it is defined as any activity of resident " institutional units " ( enterprises, public services, households ) combining the factors of production ( land, labour and capital ) to transform inputs into outputs.

) of Celtic art forms and a considerable proportion of the Celtic population, reject any institutional legacy from pre-Anglo-Saxon Britain.

However, this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism, aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art.

A few years later, back in their own countries, and notably in France, they began to occupy all kinds of places, from state-owned sites (" Lycee Diderot ", where 300 artists worked for 2 years in so-called " Pôle Pi ", dismantled by police in 1998 ), to institutional properties ( Galerie Matignon, almost next door to Prime Minister's Hotel Matignon, and wealthy art galleries ).

American psychiatrist Loren Mosher noticed that the psychiatric institution itself gave him master classes in the art of the " total institution ": labeling, unnecessary dependency, the induction and perpetuation of powerlessness, the degradation ceremony, authoritarianism, and the primacy of institutional needs over those of the persons it was ostensibly there to serve-the patients.

In addition to classical " talking " therapy, group therapy in an institutional setting can also include group-based expressive therapies such as drama therapy, psychodrama, art therapy, and non-verbal types of therapy such as music therapy.

Skate ’ s Art Market Research ( Skate Press, Ltd .), a New York based advisory firm servicing private and institutional investors in the art market, has ranked Jasper Johns as the 30th most valuable artist.

Many experts view this as simply being the tip of the iceberg, as all facets of institutional activity and social life such as business, government, art, journalism, health, and education are increasingly being carried out in these digital media spaces across a growing network of information and communication technology devices.

The next enlargement was the incorporation of two buildings ( nearby but not adjacent ) into the institutional structure of the museum: the Casón del Buen Retiro, which is equipped to display up to 400 paintings and which housed the bulk of the 20th century art from 1971 to 1997, and the Salon de Reinos ( Throne building ), formerly the Army Museum.

The National Gallery, under the directorship of Eric Brown, was an early institutional supporter of artists associated with the Group, purchasing art from some of their early exhibitions before they had identified themselves officially as the Group of Seven.

Carr ’ s “ distrust for institutional religion ” pervades much of her art.

Cornerhouse ’ s contemporary visual art programme is dedicated to launching artists who have not received major institutional recognition in Britain.

The presentation of this process within the art world-whether it should be sold in the market, or shown in the institutional art environment, is problematic for digital works created for the Internet.

Although Creel styled himself as a specialist on early Chinese history, the history of Chinese philosophy, and the history of Chinese ruling institutions, his scope of work was much broader, and included work in archaeology and anthropology ; epigraphy, philology and linguistics ; cultural, intellectual, economic and institutional history ; and philosophy, literature and art.

" For such works he is associated with the late 20th century global spread of both installation art, as well as " institutional critique ," in which interrelationships between artworks, the artist, and the museum are a focus.

Above the first program note was a miniature manifesto stating their intention to “ overcome the economic, social and political burdens of an art in chains .” Lasting for 19 years, The Collective came to embody the under-defined moment between the canonized generation of “ the essential cinema ” and the transfiguration of film as “ new media ” embraced by the institutional hierarchy of the art world and subject to the theoretical, critical and economic tidal forces therein.

This installation is an early example of what in the art world came to be known as institutional critique.

In the case of born-digital content ( e. g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data ), the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues to digital preservation efforts.

Against the perceived " sameness " of the contemporary art panorama, The Burlington Magazine was to act as a disinterested guide, directing the public's attention to high-quality art on offer both on the market and on institutional settings and educating its readers on the elevating qualities of ancient art.

" the term ' American folklife ' means the traditional expressive culture shared within the various groups in the United States: familial, ethnic, occupational, religious, regional ; expressive culture includes a wide range of creative and symbolic forms such as custom, belief, technical skill, language, literature, art, architecture, music, play, dance, drama, ritual, pageantry, handicraft ; these expressions are mainly learned orally, by imitation, or in performance, and are generally maintained without benefit of formal instruction or institutional direction " See Public Law 94-201

In rare cases " catalogue raisonné " is not even used to refer to art or an artist but is used to catalogue an institutional collection e. g. in what purports to be a definitive book on the Jewish Museum's Hanukkah Lamp collection see:

It also practices involvement with non-orthodox Jews that extends beyond " outreach ( Kiruv )" to continued institutional relations and cooperation ; see further under Torah Umadda.

‘ I believe that the social ideas of anarchism: autonomous groups, spontaneous order, workers ’ control, the federative principle, add up to a coherent theory of social organisation which is a valid and realistic alternative to the authoritarian, hierarchical and institutional social philosophy which we see in application all around us.

Some Marxist-feminists use a Marxian-style theory to understand relations of exploitation under patriarchy, while others see a kind of exploitation analogous to the Marxian sort as existing under institutional racism.

Here two characteristics are manifest: in general, Modern Orthodoxy places a high national, as well as religious, significance on the State of Israel, and institutions and individuals are, typically, Zionist in orientation ; relatedly, involvement with non-orthodox Jews will extend beyond " outreach " to include institutional relations and cooperation ; see further under Torah Umadda.

Among the issues have been the extent to which Modern Orthodoxy should cooperate with the more liberal denominations, support secular academic pursuits combined with religious learning, and embrace efforts to give women a larger role in Jewish learning and worship ; This view is largely anecdotal, and is based on individual behaviour, as opposed to any formal, institutional position ; see above:

This is mainly due to the paleoconservative's desire to see these incorporated as long-term institutional goals, rather than short-term victories for the movement itself.

Jewish-renewalists see " renewal " as a process reaching beyond denominational boundaries and institutional structures, more similar to the multi-centered civil rights or women's movements than to contemporary denominations.

Many Anglicans, Lutherans, Old Catholics, and Independent Catholics view unity as a mark of catholicity, but see the institutional unity of the Catholic Church as manifested in the shared Apostolic Succession of their episcopacies, rather than a shared episcopal hierarchy or rites.

With the recent rise of nationalism and cultural conservatism among Chinese intellectuals, a growing number of them are converting to Confucianism and working to make it an institutional religion ( see the relative section ).

For an interesting application of the new institutional approach see Terry Karl ( 1990 ), which portrays institutions as constraining elite actors ' preferences and policy choices during transition.

( see institutional economics ).

These colors are used in the institutional seal and other symbols of each faculty, in the university ceremonies conferring doctorate degrees, and are also used by the students in their ribbons related with the academic traditions ( see Queima das Fitas ( The Burning of the Ribbons )).

In his discussion of black nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the historian Wilson Jeremiah Moses observes that " black separatism, or self-containment, which in its extreme form advocated the perpetual physical separation of the races, usually referred only to a simple institutional separatism, or the desire to see black people making independent efforts to sustain themselves in a proven hostile environment.

In their ethnographic work anthropologists have cast a critical eye on discourses and practices produced by institutional agents of development in their encounter with ‘ local culture ’ ( see for example Ferguson 1994 ).

Risk screening for residents is considered essential in order to preserve both institutional and community safety ( see: Lowenkamp, Latessa and Holsinger 2006 ).

However, Croly failed to see the connection between Jefferson's belief in democracy and his belief in limited government, and he failed to see the connection between Hamilton's belief in a strong national government and his call for institutional checks on democracy.

Some authors argue that they are still deontic norms, while others argue for a close connection between them and institutional facts ( see Raz 1975, Ruiter 1993 ).

This move is seen as a strong gesture of support for the trusts, who would see increased demand from index fund managers and institutional investors replicating the index.

* it provides supervision over those organizations designated to issue rules and regulations ( see Law of 21 June 1986, n. 317 ), activity of dissemination of technical specifications in the frame of its institutional tasks, and, on demand, activities of certification, test and accreditation for Public Administration ;

Prejudice, discrimination, and institutional racism ( see below ) continued to affect African Americans.

Atatürk's political reforms involved a number of fundamental institutional changes that would see the end of these traditions, and a carefully planned program of political change was implemented to unravel the complex system that had developed over the centuries.

This price data is not only used in real time to make on-the-spot decisions about buying or selling, but historical market data ( see graph at right ) is also used to project pricing trends and to calculate market risk on portfolios of investments that may be held by an individual or an institutional investor.