This refusal to accept any renunciation of allegiance to the Crown led to conflict with the United States over impressment, and then led to further conflicts even during the War of 1812, when thirteen Irish American prisoners of war were executed as traitors after the Battle of Queenston Heights ; Winfield Scott urged American reprisal, but none was carried out.

soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT ; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood ; pollution of Hrazdan ( Razdan ) and Araks Rivers ; the draining of Sevana Lich ( Lake Sevan ), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies ; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate ( IAEA-recommended ) safety and backup systems

Although the increased contact brought by trade between the Japanese and the Ainu contributed to increased mutual understanding, sometimes it led to conflict, occasionally intensifying into violent Ainu revolts, of which the most important was Shakushain's Revolt ( 1669 – 1672 ).

These actions led to a serious diplomatic conflict between the pope and Portugal.

He continued to lead the conflict against the Arians for the rest of his life and was engaged in theological and political struggles against the Emperors Constantine the Great and Constantius II and powerful and influential Arian churchmen, led by Eusebius of Nicomedia and others.

This led the key figure in organizing the resistance, Paul Kruger, into conflict with the British.

While the presence of a long-term professional minister has sometimes created " significant de facto ministerial authority " and led to conflict between the minister and the elders, the eldership has remained the " ultimate locus of authority in the congregation ".

This conflict eventually led to the destruction of her family, with Caligula as the sole male survivor.

Furthermore, chronic economic mismanagement and internal conflict has led to serious under-investment over many years.

Furthermore, chronic economic mismanagement and internal conflict has led to serious under-investment over many years.

This inherent conflict led to establishing the NIC as its own group, led by Elizabeth J. Feinler.

Some of the new king's policies, however, led to conflict with France, thus damaging prosperous trade relationships for Defoe, who had established himself as a merchant.

A modern revelation that resulted in some " disaffection " and " led to intense conflict in scattered areas of the RLDS Church " is contained in the Community of Christ version's Section 156, presented by Prophet-President Wallace B. Smith and added in 1984, which called for construction of the Independence Temple and the ordination of women to the priesthood, among other changes.

Originally, these privileges and immunities were granted on a bilateral, ad hoc basis, which led to misunderstandings and conflict, pressure on weaker states, and an inability for other states to judge which party was at fault.

However the start of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War led to Sudan and Ethiopia put this conflict between them and normalizing their relations by November 1999 when president Omar Hassan al-Bashir made a formal visit to Addis Ababa.

Soon after his enthronement, Saga himself took ill. Emperor Saga's untimely health problems provided former-Emperor Heizei with a unique opportunity to foment a rebellion ; however, forces loyal to Emperor Saga, led by taishōgun Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, quickly defeated the Heizei rebels which thus limited the adverse consequences which would have followed any broader conflict.

Internal political upheaval eventually led to 23 years of nearly continuous conflict in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Social, political, and economic upheaval in the wake of the conflict led to the Second World War, in which the Allies were defeated in the Battle of France and the French government surrendered and was replaced with an authoritarian regime.

Nevertheless the Carthaginian faction that opposed the conflict, led by the land-owning aristocrat Hanno the Great, gained power and in 244 BC, and considering the war to be over, started the demobilization of the fleet, giving the Romans a chance to again attain naval superiority.

Hanno the Great tried to induce the disbanded armies to accept diminished payment, but kindled a movement that led to an internal conflict, the Mercenary War.

It was this expansion that led to the Second Punic War when Carthage besieged the Roman protected town of Saguntum in 218 BC, igniting a conflict with Rome.

The collapse of the Russian Empire following the February and October Revolutions of 1917 spurred the collapse of the Grand Duchy of Finland, and the resultant power vacuum led to bitter conflict between the left-leaning labor movement, led by the Social Democrats, and more conservative non-socialists.

Airless and dingy though it was, the attic represented luxury to a slave who had led a wretched life with six brothers and sisters and assorted relatives in a shanty at Bayou St. John.

To perpetuate wealth control led by small groups of individuals who played no role in its creation prevents those with real initiative from coming to the fore, and is basically anti-democratic.

The data for the first day indicate a meteor stream with a very high concentration of particles and may have led to the high estimates of micrometeorite flux.

The efforts of various interest groups to control or influence governmental decisions, particularly when taken in conjunction with the impact of industralization, led to a concentration of attention on the legislative power and the means whereby policy could be formulated and enforced as law through bureaucratic institutions.

In 1931 Mrs. F. H. Briggs, agent and chief operator, who was to retire in 1946 with thirty years' service, led agency offices in sales for the year with $2,490.

The startlingly bright effect of the first washings led the Committee to order the rest of the Brumidi-Costaggini cycle cleaned and restored to go with them.

It would be all right with him, he decided, if his investigation of the fraud, with its probable by-product of murder, led to Garth's door.

In the ninth, Robinson led off with his second double of the night, a blast off the fence 375 feet deep into left.

Although the particular form of conceptualization which popular imagination had made in response to the experience of spirit was undoubtedly defective, the raw experience itself which led to such excesses remains with us as vividly as ever.

Alfred Wallenstein, the conductor, sensitive accompanist that he is, picked up the idea and led the orchestra here with a sense of brooding, poetic mystery.

Nostalgia week at Lewisohn Stadium, which had begun with the appearance of the 70-year-old Mischa Elman on Tuesday night, continued last night as Lily Pons led the list of celebrities in an evening of French operatic excerpts.

It was an impulse when she was here in Me'a She'arim -- I was with her -- that led her to stay in Israel.

Confederate Vice President Stephens led a group to meet with Lincoln, Seward, and others at Hampton Roads.

" In keeping with that sentiment, Lincoln led the moderates regarding Reconstruction policy, and was opposed by the Radical Republicans, under Rep. Thaddeus Stevens, Sen. Charles Sumner and Sen. Benjamin Wade, political allies of the president on other issues.

In the former, the encounter with multiple, distinct cultures, often very different in organization and language from those of Europe, has led to a continuing emphasis on cross-cultural comparison and a receptiveness to certain kinds of cultural relativism.

Apollo's role as the slayer of the Python led to his association with battle and victory ; hence it became the Roman custom for a paean to be sung by an army on the march and before entering into battle, when a fleet left the harbour, and also after a victory had been won.

This led to the conclusion ( Moseley's law ) that the atomic number does closely correspond ( with an offset of one unit for K-lines, in Moseley's work ) to the calculated electric charge of the nucleus, i. e. the proton number Z.

* Around 1010, Thorfinnr Karlsefni led an attempted Viking settlement in North America with 160 settlers, but was later driven off by the natives.

This has led some authors to advocate that Giesel alone should be credited with the discovery.

Climate change is thought to have led to the emigration of Chacoans and the eventual abandonment of the canyon, beginning with a 50-year drought in 1130.

He was a regent for the French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems during the Nazi occupation of Vichy France which implemented the eugenics policies there ; his association with the Foundation led to allegations of collaborating with the Nazis.