He fought several battles of attrition against Lee through the Overland Campaign to seize Richmond, though in the face of fierce resistance he altered his plans and led the Siege of Petersburg which nearly finished off the rest of Lee's army.

* 1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg – ships led by Union Admiral David Dixon Porter move through heavy Confederate artillery fire on approach to Vicksburg, Mississippi.

For example, in the 1543 Siege of Nice the Ottoman forces led by Barbarossa conquered and pillaged the town itself and took many captives-but the city castle held out, due to which the townspeople were accounted the victors.

* 1593 – Japanese invasion of Korea: Approximately 3, 000 Joseon defenders led by general Kwon Yul successfully repel more than 30, 000 Japanese forces in the Siege of Haengju.

Two Foreign Legion companies led the defence at the celebrated Siege of Tuyên Quang ( 24 November 1884 to 3 March 1885 ).

* 1333 June – A Marinid army, led by Abd al-Malik, the son of Abul Hassan, the Marinid sultan, recovered Gibraltar, after a five-month siege ( Third Siege of Gibraltar ).

He served as an advisor and translater to Titus when Titus led the Siege of Jerusalem, and after failing to convince the leaders of the Jewish revolt to surrender, leads to the Siege of Jerusalem which resulted in the city's destruction and the looting and destruction of Herod's Temple ( Second Temple ).

For example, during the Siege of Ascalon in 1153, Grand Master Bernard de Tremelay led a group of 40 Templars through a breach in the city walls.

In the final accords of the First Jewish – Roman War, the Siege of Masada by troops of the Roman Empire allegedly led to the mass suicide of the Sicarii rebels although there is no archaeological evidence to support this.

* 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge – At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.

* 1863 – American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins – Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege.

Operation Barbarossa's failure led to Hitler's demands for further operations inside the USSR, all of which eventually failed, such as continuing the Siege of Leningrad, Operation Nordlicht, and Battle of Stalingrad, among other battles on occupied Soviet territory.

The celebrated march of 1781 to Yorktown, Virginia that ended with the defeat of the British at the Siege of Yorktown and the Battle of the Chesapeake began in Newport, Rhode Island under the joint command of General George Washington who led American troops and the Comte de Rochambeau who led French soldiers sent by King Louis XVI.

Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies to conquer the Christian strongholds of Belgrade, Rhodes, and most of Hungary before his conquests were checked at the Siege of Vienna in 1529.

After Henry led troops during the Siege of Boulogne in 1544 – an attempt to take French territory for England – he died on 28 January 1547.

* November 17 – American Civil War – The Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee under siege ( the 2-week-long siege and 1 failed attack are unsuccessful ).

* November 25 – American Civil War – Battle of Missionary Ridge: At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.

* August 29 – Thirty Years ' War: While on their way to relieve the Siege of Bergen-op-Zoom in the Netherlands, the army of Mansfeld and Christian of Brunswick is blocked by a Spanish army led by Gonzalo de Córdoba.

* Siege of Florence: Stilicho defeats with help from Hunnic forces under Uldin, as well as Alan and Gothic cavalry an army of 20, 000 warriors led by Radagaisus.

* Third Siege of Krujë ( 1467 ): A few months after the failure of the second siege, Mehmed II led an army into Albania in 1467.

He led his army through the Siege of Antwerp and the Battle of the Yser, when the Belgian army was driven back to a last, tiny strip of Belgian territory, near the North Sea.

While the Siege of Constantinople was taking place, Heraclius allied with what Byzantine sources called the Khazars under Ziebel, who are identified with the Western Turkic Khaganate of the Göktürks led by Tong Yabghu, plying him with wondrous gifts and a promise of the reward of the porphyrogenita Eudoxia Epiphania.

It was founded in Spain, on January 1961, by former officers, Pierre Lagaillarde ( who led the 1960 Siege of Algiers ), General Raoul Salan ( who took part in the 1961 Algiers putsch or " Generals ' Uprising ") and Jean-Jacques Susini, along with other members of the French Army, including Yves Guérin-Sérac, and former members of the French Foreign Legion from the First Indochina War ( 1946 – 54 ).

Two further trials, in 1450 and 1456, led to Jacopo's imprisonment on Crete and his eventual death there.

Although defeated in the battle of Varna in 1444 and in the second battle of Kosovo in 1448, his " Long Campaign " across the Balkan Mountains at the turn of 1443 and 1444 and his defense of Nándorfehérvár / Belgrade in 1456 against the troops led personally by the Sultan established his fame as a most talented general of his age.

Famous as a preacher, theologian, and inquisitor, he earned himself the nickname ' the Soldier Saint ' when in 1456 at age 70 he led a crusade against the invading Ottoman Empire at the siege of Belgrade with the Hungarian military commander John Hunyadi.

In the summer of 1456, these troops, together with John Hunyadi, managed to raise the siege of Belgrade ; the old and frail friar actually led his own contingent into battle.

As of July 22, 2011 the day when Christian forces led by John Hunyadi defeated the Ottoman Turks besieging Nándorfehérvár in 1456, is marked as a national memorial day in Hungary.

This era ended when the Empire of Trebizond began paying tribute to the Ottoman Empire in 1456 and then the Ottoman army led by Sultan Mehmet II entered Trabzon in 1461.

In 1456, Yuttittira sought Tilokaraj ’ s support and led Lanna armies to capture Sukhothai and proceeded further towards Ayutthaya.

While accompanying Mallowan on countless archaeological trips ( spending up to 3 – 4 months at a time in Syria and Iraq at excavation sites at Ur, Ninevah, Tell Arpachiyah, Chagar Bazar, Tell Brak, and Nimrud ), Christie not only wrote novels and short stories, but also contributed work to the archaeological sites, more specifically to the archaeological restoration and labeling of ancient exhibits which includes tasks such as cleaning and conserving delicate ivory pieces, reconstructing pottery, developing photos from early excavations which later led to taking photographs of the site and its findings, and taking field notes.

* 1969 – Followers led by Charles Manson murder pregnant actress Sharon Tate ( wife of Roman Polanski ), coffee heiress Abigail Folger, Polish actor Wojciech Frykowski, men's hairstylist Jay Sebring and recent high-school graduate Steven Parent.

soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT ; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood ; pollution of Hrazdan ( Razdan ) and Araks Rivers ; the draining of Sevana Lich ( Lake Sevan ), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies ; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate ( IAEA-recommended ) safety and backup systems

However, much of southeastern Europe and central Europe, including many of the Goths and Vandals respectively, had embraced Arianism ( the Visigoths converted to Arian Christianity in 376 ), which led to Arianism being a religious factor in various wars in the Roman Empire.

The second generation was led by Fernand Braudel ( 1902 – 1985 ) and included Georges Duby ( 1919 – 1996 ), Pierre Goubert ( 1915 – 2012 ), Robert Mandrou ( 1921 – 1984 ), Pierre Chaunu ( 1923 – 2009 ), Jacques Le Goff ( 1924 – ) and Ernest Labrousse ( 1895 – 1988 ).

A third generation was led by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie ( 1929 – ) and includes Jacques Revel, and Philippe Ariès ( 1914 – 1984 ), who joined the group in 1978.

The fourth generation of Annales historians, led by Roger Chartier ( 1945 – ), clearly distanced itself from the mentalities approach, replaced by the cultural and linguistic turn, which emphasize analysis of the social history of cultural practices.

Title IV also led to creation, in all 50 States and the District of Columbia, of what were then called dual-party relay services and now are known as Telecommunications Relay Services ( TRS ), such as STS Relay.

At the very outset, he had to meet the formidable attack of the Normans ( led by Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund ), who took Dyrrhachium and Corfu, and laid siege to Larissa in Thessaly ( see Battle of Dyrrhachium ).

However, his aptitude for sculpture led him to work for Giulio Cesare Conventi ( 1577 — 1640 ), an artist of modest talents.

Their one monastery was on the top of Monte Varese, near Lago Maggiore, on the spot where their foundress, the Blessed Catarina Morigia ( or Catherine of Palanza ), had first led a solitary life.

Her Latin origins and culture however led to creeping resentment from her Greek subjects ( who felt insulted enough by the late Manuel's Western tastes, let alone being ruled by his Western wife ), building up to an explosion of rioting that almost became a full civil war.

Around 2000, an expedition led by the Japanese Daisuke Takahashi, searching for Selkirk's camp on the island ( juan fernandez ), found part of an early eighteenth ( or late seventeenth ) century nautical instrument that almost certainly belonged to Selkirk.

This alphabet has influenced development of orthographies of many African languages ( serving " as the basis for the transcription " of about 60, by one count ), but not all, and discussions of harmonization of systems of transcription that led to, among other things, adoption of the African reference alphabet.

The shortest ( and possibly oldest ) road avoids alpine areas and led from the Baltic coastline ( nowadays Estonia ), passed the Moravian Gate, followed the river Morava, crossed the Danube near Carnuntum in the Noricum Province, headed southwest past Poetovio, Celeia, Emona, Nauportus, and reached Aquileia at the Adriatic coast.

Wellington is better-known to posterity, because he led one of the two Allied armies at the final decisive victory of the Napoleonic Wars ( the battle of Waterloo in 1815 ), although Wellington's superior reputation is perhaps also because he only once faced Napoleon, whereas Charles was confronted by Napoleon in battle more times than any other commander.

In the 1820s, the Russian-American Company, which administered a large portion of the North Pacific during a Russian led expansion of the fur trade, resettled many families to the Commander Islands ( currently, within the Aleutsky District of the Kamchatka Krai in Russia ) and to the Pribilof Islands ( currently in Alaska ), where there are currently established majority Aleut communities.

* Social Right ( Destra Sociale ), led by Gianni Alemanno, advocated a more " social " approach to economic policy and was considered at the right of the party.

The project was led by Dr Jeff Peakall and Dr Daniel Parsons at the University of Leeds in collaboration with the University of Southampton, Memorial University ( Newfoundland, Canada ), and the Institute of Marine Sciences ( Izmir, Turkey ).

He sends a gang of thugs, led by his flunky assistant Taggart ( Slim Pickens ), to scare them away, prompting the townsfolk to demand that Governor William J.

However, difficulties in South Africa ( epitomised by the defeat of the British Army at the Battle of Isandlwana ), as well as Afghanistan, weakened his government and led to his party's defeat in the 1880 election.

After a brief pause, Marlborough ’ s equerry, Colonel Bringfield ( or Bingfield ), led up another of the Duke ’ s spare horses ; but while assisting him onto his mount, the unfortunate Bringfield was hit by an errant cannonball that sheared off his head.