The furnace can be situated at one end of a fire-tube which lengthens the path of the hot gases, thus augmenting the heating surface which can be further increased by making the gases reverse direction through a second parallel tube or a bundle of multiple tubes ( two-pass or return flue boiler ); alternatively the gases may be taken along the sides and then beneath the boiler through flues ( 3-pass boiler ).

The route deviation thus undertaken greatly lengthens the actual distance travelled, and by so doing, it allows the difference in altitude to be averaged over a much longer track length.

Therefore, this study proposed that there are two types of pheromone involved: " One, produced prior to ovulation, shortens the ovarian cycle ; and the second, produced just at ovulation, lengthens the cycle ".

When disaggregated, a civil war with intervention on only one side is 156 % longer, while intervention on both sides lengthens the average civil war by an addition 92 %.

Drawing lengthens the metal by reducing one or both of the other two dimensions.

Glycogen is synthesized from monomers of UDP-glucose by the enzyme glycogen synthase, which progressively lengthens the glycogen chain with ( α1 → 4 ) bonded glucose.

Intuitively, the continuous operator A never " lengthens " any vector more than by a factor of c. Thus the image of a bounded set under a continuous operator is also bounded.

In order to " measure the size " of A, it then seems natural to take the smallest number c such that the above inequality holds for all v in V. In other words, we measure the " size " of A by how much it " lengthens " vectors in the " biggest " case.

A noun ending in a vowel lengthens the final vowel to indicate the plural ( shown in writing by adding an s ).

Domenico Maceri claims that some South Korean parents have their children undergo frenectomy " which lengthens the tongue by about one millimeter " in the belief they will pronounce English better.

For someone affected by tachypsychia, time perceived by the individual either lengthens, making events appear to slow down, or contracts, objects appearing as moving in a speeding blur.

Failure of an unheated sensor is usually caused by the buildup of soot on the ceramic element, which lengthens its response time and may cause total loss of ability to sense oxygen.

For example, the first syllable of gaza is heavy, despite the short vowel followed only by one written consonant, because the Z was pronounced as two consonants and lengthens the syllable by position.

The goal is to get the rowers off to a cohesive start and quickly build momentum, with the rate of the draws being held by the subsequent lengthens.

A lateral cut in the resistor material by the laser narrows or lengthens the current flow path and increases the resistance value.

What expands the qualities of further bodily response is a very subtle nod forward to counteract a common backward startle pattern, coupled with an upward movement of the head away from the body that lengthens the spine.

In this example, the word ἔπος was originally ϝέπος in Ionian ; the presence of this glide consonant lengthens the last syllable of the preceding εἶπας and corrects the apparent defect in the meter.

Charge-transfer complexes can also be formed between iodine and a metal ion, in which electrons in the filled π * orbitals of iodine molecules were donated to the empty, low-lying 5s and 5d orbitals, meanwhile back donation from the metal occurs, which weakens and lengthens the I — I bond.

The historical definition differs from the length-based standard in that a minute of arc, and hence a nautical mile, is not a constant length at the surface of the Earth but gradually lengthens in the north-south direction with increasing distance from the equator, as a corollary of the Earth's oblateness, hence the need for " mean " in the last sentence of the previous paragraph.

In choosing the single router-level path, it is common practice for each ISP to employ hot-potato routing: sending traffic along the path that minimizes the distance through the ISP's own network — even if that path lengthens the total distance to the destination.

With arousal, the vagina lengthens rapidly, to an average of about 4 in.

* 17 microseconds: net amount per year that the length of the day lengthens, largely due to tidal acceleration.

The Scottish Vowel Length Rule lengthens a wide variety of vowel sounds in several environments, and shortens them in others ; " long " environments include when the vowel precedes a number of voiced consonant sounds.

A characteristic of metaplastic bone is that it lengthens and shortens over time, extending and resorbing to form new shapes.

In the first year of growth, the axis lengthens and thickens, bearing numerous leaves in close spirals.

A new type of nickel – metal hydride cell ( the low self-discharge nickel-metal hydride battery, LSD NiMH ) was introduced in 2005 that reduces self-discharge and therefore lengthens shelf life.

whose absence lengthens life, whose presence ends.

Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that lengthens the ends of linear chromosomes.

In Turkish, ğ lengthens the preceding vowel.

Studies show that if the person receives the reward immediately, the effect is greater, and decreases as duration lengthens.

Usually provision is made for adjusting the cable tension using an inline hollow bolt ( often called a " barrel adjuster "), which lengthens or shortens the cable housing relative to a fixed anchor point.

The temporary slowing-down of their metabolisms also lengthens the animals ' lifespans.

Storing intimate media on a computer mechanism helps to preserve the accuracy of the memory and lengthens its life as well.

Like the trumpet and all other modern brass wind instruments, the cornet makes a sound when the player vibrates (" buzzes ") the lips in the mouthpiece, creating a vibrating column of air in the tubing.

* Exhalation, especially where the velocity of exhaled air can influence the harmonic generating properties of a vibrating body, such as the reed of a musical instrument like the saxophone

Generally the air stream is thinner ( vibrating in more modes ), faster ( providing more energy to excite the air's resonance ), and aimed across the hole less deeply ( permitting a more shallow deflection of the air stream ) in the production of higher harmonics or upper partials.

As far as the second room is concerned, the vibrating air in the doorway is the source of the sound.

Sound is produced by blowing into the reed and vibrating a column of air.

The woodwind instruments ( aerophones ) produce sound by means of a vibrating column of air within the pipe.

Like all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player ’ s vibrating lips ( embouchure ) cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate.

* Free reed aerophone instruments that has its sound produced as air flows past a vibrating reed in a frame.

All string instruments produce sound from one or more vibrating strings, transferred to the air by the body of the instrument ( or by a pickup in the case of electronically amplified instruments ).

A larger vibrating surface moves more air, hence produces a louder sound.

When the bar and resonator are properly in tune with each other, the vibrating air beneath the bar travels down the resonator and is reflected off the closure at the bottom, then returns back to the top and is reflected back by the bar, over and over, creating a much stronger standing wave and amplifying the fundamental frequency.

An ancient system of Indian origin, dating from the 4th or 3rd century BC, in the Natya Shastra, a theoretical treatise on music and dramaturgy, by Bharata Muni, divides instruments into four main classification groups: instruments where the sound is produced by vibrating strings ( tata vadya, " stretched instruments "); instruments where the sound is produced by vibrating columns of air ( susira vadya, " hollow instruments "); percussion instruments made of wood or metal ( ghana vadya, " solid instruments "); and percussion instruments with skin heads, or drums ( avanaddha vadya ," covereed instruments ").

# aerophones, such as the pipe organ or oboe, which produce sound by vibrating columns of air.

* II: instruments that make sound from vibrating air ( such as clarinets, trumpets, or bull-roarers.

Idiophones – sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.

Aerophones – sound is primarily produced by vibrating air.

Instruments in which the vibrating air is not contained within the instrument, for example sirens, or the bullroarer.

The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.

The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.

* 42 – the vibrating air is enclosed within the instrument

Hornbostel-Sachs divides aerophones by whether vibrating air is contained in the instrument itself or not.

The first class ( 41 ) includes instruments which, when played, do not contain the vibrating air.