Modular monolithic operating systems are not to be confused with the architectural level of modularity inherent in Server-Client operating systems ( and its derivatives sometimes marketed as hybrid kernel ) which use microkernels and servers ( not to be mistaken for modules or daemons ).

And the modularity of these large systems was also unique: multiple CPUs, multiple memory modules and multiple I / O and Data Comm processors permitted incremental and cost effective growth of system performance and reliability.

To provide modularity, memory and I / O buses can be combined into a unified system bus.

Another advantage of modularity is the ability to spend one's money on only a few core components at first and then later add additional components to one's system.

It retained the earlier COS file system, but made significant advances in code modularity to improve system reliability and adaptiveness to new storage devices.

It is this fundamental modularity of the system combined with its step-by-step ( hence the alternative name ) selection process and an almost unlimited potential for expansion that gives the Strowger system its technical advantage: Previous systems had all been designed for a fixed number of subscribers to be switched directly to each other in a mesh arrangement.

They can also be used as the backing plate for the matrix itself, but this compromises the modularity and thus tactical adaptability of the armour system: ceramic and metal modules can then no longer be replaced independently.

* Optics: Due to the relative modularity of the system, optics ( as well as almost everything else ) can be mounted according to the operator's wishes.

To provide even more modularity with reduced cost, memory and I / O buses ( and the required control and power buses ) were sometimes combined into a single unified system bus.

The most significant effects of this division are shifting the buoyancy bladder from the diver ’ s chest to his back and the modularity of the system, allowing buoyancy cells, harnesses, and plates to be interchanged as needed.

For example Sanchez and Mahoney ( 1996 ) argued that product modularity ( i. e. how physical sub-systems of a product are sub-divided through interfaces ; also called product or system architecture ) and organizational modularity ( i. e. how organisational entities are structured ) depend on each other, and Fixson et al.

Furthermore, the whole system is more flexible and has a greater modularity than conventional communication systems.

Modular design, or " modularity in design ", is an approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts ( modules ) that can be independently created and then used in different systems to drive multiple functionalities.

* There is a basic form of modularity: files can be compiled separately and linked together, with control over which functions and data objects are visible to other files via and attributes.

" According to Steven Pinker, EP is " not a single theory but a large set of hypotheses " and a term which " has also come to refer to a particular way of applying evolutionary theory to the mind, with an emphasis on adaptation, gene-level selection, and modularity.

Forth is a simple yet extensible language ; its modularity and extensibility permit the writing of high-level programs such as CAD systems.

In general, this process of decomposition is undertaken either for the purpose of gaining insight into the identity of the constituent components ( which may reflect individual physical processes of interest, for example ), or for the purpose of obtaining a compressed representation of the global function, a task which is feasible only when the constituent processes possess a certain level of modularity ( i. e., independence or non-interaction ).

Another approach is to use a design targeting modularity with interfaces to increase the flexibility of the software with respect to the design.

One of these is modularity: as has been long recognized, plants and animal bodies are modular: they are organized into developmentally and anatomically distinct parts.

They thus reject a body of opinion in cognitive science suggesting that there is evidence for the modularity of language.

In computing, aspect-oriented programming ( AOP ) is a programming paradigm which aims to increase modularity by allowing the separation of cross-cutting concerns.

The massive modularity theory thesis posits that there is a huge number of tremendously interlinked but specialized modules running programs called Darwinian algorithms, or DA.

The stated mission of the vehicle is counter-terrorism for the United States Department of Homeland Security, but could be easily adapted for other uses ; medical response, emergency power and lighting, unlimited modularity.

The modularity theorem is a special case of more general conjectures due to Robert Langlands.

This mapping is called a modular parametrization of level N. If N is the smallest integer for which such a parametrization can be found ( which by the modularity theorem itself is now known to be a number called the conductor ), then the parametrization may be defined in terms of a mapping generated by a particular kind of modular form of weight two and level N, a normalized newform with integer q-expansion, followed if need be by an isogeny.

The function obtained in this way is, remarkably, a cusp form of weight two and level N and is also an eigenform ( an eigenvector of all Hecke operators ); this is the Hasse – Weil conjecture, which follows from the modularity theorem.

A well-known example is the Taniyama – Shimura conjecture, now the modularity theorem, which proposed that each elliptic curve over the rational numbers can be translated into a modular form ( in such a way as to preserve the associated L-function ).

Progress towards SoC is traditionally achieved through modularity of programming and encapsulation ( or " transparency " of operation ), with the help of information hiding.

One reason for XScreenSaver's popularity is the modularity of its design, which makes it easy to add new display modes.

Even within evolutionary psychology there is discussion about the degree of modularity, either as a few generalist modules or as many highly specific modules.

* Encourage modularity so that large programs to be developed, fielded, and operated as a set of independent components that can evolve and mature at their own rates

It is a concept in modern naval shipbuilding based on modularity of armament, electronics and other equipment, aiming at ease of maintenance and cost reduction.

The product is designed from principles of software modularity and extensibility and aims at exhibiting stability and providing feature requirements for production use while also supporting networking research.

While a professor at the Harvard Business School ( HBS ), Clark's research focused on modularity in design and the integration of technology and competition in industry evolution — particularly within the computer industry.

The core architecture of the smaller machines included blocks of uncommitted opcodes and provisions for physical modularity that hint at the reasoning behind the company name.

In Photoshop, modularity is most evident in layers ; a single image can be composed of many layers, each of which can be treated as an entirely independent and separate entity.

Although he argued for the modularity of " lower level " cognitive processes in Modularity of Mind he also argued that higher level cognitive processes are not modular since they have dissimilar properties.

Zorp indicates a new stage in firewall development which contrasts with traditional technology: full application level filtering, modularity, flexibility, reliability and high performance.

* In contemporary art and architecture, modularity can refer to the construction of an object by joining together standardized units to form larger compositions, and / or to the use of a module as a standardized unit of measurement and proportion.

In Blair's Modular America, he argues that as American's began to replace social structures inherited from Europe ( predominantly England and France ), they evolved a uniquely American tendency towards modularity, in fields as diverse as education, music, and architecture.

The architecture of the mind: modularity and modularization.

** Design to standards ( Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 349-356 ), see Interchangeable parts, product modularity, product architecture, product platform