Others see anti-Judaism as the rejection of or opposition to beliefs and practices essentially because of their source in Judaism or because a belief or practice is associated with the Jewish people.

However, his reign was far from perfect for everyone: he made unsuccessful crusades, his expanding administrations raised opposition, and he burned Jewish books at the Pope's urging.

The 18th-century Vilna Gaon, for instance, while the head of Rabbinic opposition to the new Jewish mystical movement that itself became known as " Hasidism ", was renowned for his righteous life.

In opposition to the school of Ferdinand Christian Baur, who considered him a Jewish Christian, Albrecht Ritschl has pointed out that it was precisely because he was a Gentile Christian that he did not fully understand the Old Testament foundation of Paul's teaching, and explained in this way the modified character of his Paulinism and his legal mode of thought.

The conception that in religious matters anyone, however ignorant, can judge for himself, is the direct denial of the old Jewish maxim, ‘ The ignorant cannot be pious ’ ( Avot 2: 5 )… The majority vote of a Board of Directors of a synagogue is, after all, a negligible quantity when it is in opposition to the vote of historical Judaism with its myriad of Saints and thousands of Sages … The sorting, distributing, selecting, harmonizing and completing can only be done by experienced hands.

Leaders of the Haredi community have been steadfast in their opposition to a change in the role of women, arguing that the religious and social constraints on women, as dictated by traditional Jewish texts, are timeless and are not affected by contemporary social change.

* April 19 – The 1936 – 1939 Arab revolt in Palestine against the British government and opposition to Jewish immigration begins.

The consensus of the Orthodox Jewish community has been that women are ineligible to becoming rabbis ; the growing calls for Orthodox yeshivas to admit women as rabbinical students have resulted in widespread opposition among the Orthodox rabbinate.

After a relatively brief halt due to opposition from peoples who had filled the vacuum during the Jewish captivity ( Ezra 4 ), work resumed c. 521 BCE under the Persian King Darius ( Ezra 5 ) and was completed during the sixth year of his reign ( c. 518 / 517 BCE ), with the temple dedication taking place the following year.

Kaminski denied his opposition to the apology was derived from anti-Semitism, and has been defended by the Conservatives and some journalists including the editor of the Jewish Chronicle, Stephen Pollard.

In opposition to Runciman's argument, and on the basis of contemporary Jewish Cairo Geniza documents, as well as later Muslim accounts, Moshe Gil argues that the Seljuq conquest and occupation of Palestine ( c. 1073 – 1098 ) was a period of " slaughter and vandalism, of economic hardship, and the uprooting of populations ".

Arab opposition increased as the Balfour Declaration and the wave of Jewish settlers to Palestine began to tilt the demographic balance of the area.

As Hasidism developed, its leaders synthesised it with traditional learning, while the Lithuanian world came to be called Mitnagdim ( Opponents ), for their pious opposition to the Hasidic restructuring of Jewish thought and society.

In The Myth of the Jewish Race Raphael and Jennifer Patai cite Karl Pearson's 1925 opposition ( in the first issue of the journal Annals of Eugenics which he founded ) to Jewish immigration into Britain.

They were vigorously opposed and were eventually forced into hiding their beliefs by the methodical opposition of almost all the leading rabbis who were determined to root out Zevi's kabbalistically derived anti-traditional teachings and his influence upon the Jewish masses.

Henry was arguably the first ruler since the Visigothic King Ergica to utilise opposition to Jewish activities in Iberian Peninsula as part of his policy.

In the modern period, moreover, Jewish thinking on abortion has responded both to liberal understandings of personal autonomy as well as Christian opposition to abortion.

The deportations were stopped-despite heavy opposition from Germany, which demanded their resumption-in October 1942 by Slovaks, when it became clear that Nazi Germany had not " only " abused the Slovakian Jews as forced labour workers but had also executed many of them in death camps, and when public protests arose as well as pressure from the Holy See to stop the deportations of Jewish civilians.

But Akiba's opposition to this genetically Jewish doctrine is probably directed mainly against its Christian correlative, the doctrine of the grace of God received through faith in Christ.

; 1939: The British government issues the White Paper of 1939, which sets a limit of 75, 000 on Jewish immigration to Palestine for the next five years and increases Zionist opposition to British rule.

On the eve of the United Nations ' partition of Mandatory Palestine, King Abdullah, who shared with Zionists a hostility to Palestinian nationalism, reached a secret entente with Golda Meir to thwart the mufti and annex the part of Palestine in exchange for Jordan's dropping its opposition to the establishment of a Jewish state.

Teitelbaum saw his opposition to Zionism as a way of protecting Jewish lives and preventing bloodshed.

In 1933, Templer functionaries appealed to Paul von Hindenburg and the Foreign Office not to use swastika symbols for German institutions in Palestine and voiced opposition to the boycott of German Jewish shops.

He was convinced that there was no way for the Jews to regain any part of Palestine without opposition from the Arabs, but he also believed that the Jewish state could be a home for Arab citizens.

Fascists declared their opposition to finance capitalism, interest charging, and profiteering.

The debate was very short and the record shows no understanding of the issue by the opposition finance spokesmen, O ' Higgins for Fine Gael and Tully for Labour.

Fascists were vocal in their opposition to finance capitalism.

" The financial expenditure would be kept low, Kampfner observes, if " under the plan American troops would seize the oil fields around Basra, in the South, and sell the oil to finance the opposition.

He also spent some time as the Member of Parliament for Kimberley ( 1948 to 1957 ) and became the opposition spokesman on economics, finance and constitutional affairs.

The rejection came amidst new concerns raised by bank of Canada governor Mark Carney regarding foreign control of clearing systems and opposition to the deal by Ontario's finance minister.

After America joined the war, La Follette was a leader of the opposition to military conscription, the Espionage Act, and the President's measures to finance the war.

Colley was appointed opposition spokesman on finance in the new Fianna Fáil front bench.

He quickly proved his competence, dispelling opposition jibes and stock market fears about a social democratic minister holding the sensitive finance portfolio.

Alcock served as official opposition house leader and finance critic and was re-elected in the 1990 provincial election despite a shift against his party.

McConnell is also well known for his opposition to campaign finance regulation on First Amendment grounds.

Efforts by the State Council to institute a fuel tax in order to finance the National Trunk Highway System have run into strong opposition from the National People's Congress, largely out of concern for its impact on farmers.

He was the inspirer of Hitler's opposition to " Jewish finance capitalism.

Economic measures such as increased taxes on " the rich and corporations ", " strong regulation " of the financial industry, " regulation and public ownership of utilities ", and increased federal aid to cities and states ; opposition to the Iraq War and other military interventions ; opposition to free trade treaties such as the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ); nuclear disarmament and a reduced military budget ; various civil rights provisions ; campaign finance reform including public financing of campaigns ; and election law reform, including Instant Runoff Voting.

Dennis Rehberg states opposition to the Shays-Meehan bill from 1998, of which he says it “ stripped freedom of speech rights from Montana citizens .” Aside from the bill, he makes a point to say he supports full and open disclosure laws for campaign finance reform.

Lack of finance and opposition from landowners contributed to its failure.

The Winter government faced criticism over the granting of railway contracts and was accused by the Liberal opposition of selling out Newfoundland's interest to the Reid family as the minister of finance in Winter's government was also on Reid's payroll as his legal council while the contract was being negotiated.

Beaven was in opposition during the government of Andrew Charles Elliott but rejoined the government when Walkem became premier for a second time in 1878 and became minister of finance and agriculture.

Leading members of the party over the years have been René, James Michel ( formerly the chief of staff of the armed forces, information minister, finance minister and vice president from 1996-2004 ; he is currently the President of Seychelles ), Guy Sinon, Jacques Hodoul ( a former foreign minister who was regarded as the party's chief ideologue ), Joseph Belmont ( the current Vice President of Seychelles ), and Maxime Ferrari ( a former René loyalist who later supported the opposition and wrote an autobiography ).

Although the Socialists had picked their candidate for prime minister — former finance minister Péter Medgyessy — the opposition largely remained unable to increase its political support.

He was expert in public finance and spoke frequently in parliament in opposition to the war in America.

Evans served as opposition finance critic from 1988 to 1999.

His work at statecraft included the following: the slow pacification of party strife, nonetheless with republican opposition latent and episodically expressed ; his assumption of the title Imperator ( refusing the crown, yet continuing since 49 as dictator ), with reversion of the Senate to an advisory council, and the popular comitia as a compliant legislature, although law might be made by his edicts alone ; his assumption of authority over tax and treasury, over provincial governors, and over the capital ; supreme jurisdiction ( trial and appellate ) over the continuing republican legal system, with the judex being selected among senators or equites, yet criminal courts remained corrupted by factional infighting ; supreme command over the decayed Roman army, which was reorganized and which remained under civilian control ; reform of government finance, of budgeting re income and expense, and of corn distribution ; cultivation of civil peace in Rome by control of criminal " clubs ", by new city police, and by public building projects.