Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which sets up a limited number of dedicated connections of constant bit rate and constant delay between nodes for exclusive use during the communication session.

Toynbee's overall theory was taken up by some scholars, for example, Ernst Robert Curtius, as a sort of paradigm in the post-war period.

Stable measuring unit assumption: financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units or traditional Historical cost accounting only under the traditional Historical Cost paradigm ; i. e., accountants consider changes in the purchasing power of the functional currency up to but excluding 26 % per annum for three years in a row ( which would be 100 % cumulative inflation over three years or hyperinflation as defined in IAS 29 ) as immaterial or not sufficiently important for them to choose Capital Maintenance in units of constant purchasing power in terms of a Daily Consumer Price Index or daily rate Constant Item Purchasing Power Accounting at all levels of inflation and deflation as authorized in IFRS in the original Framework ( 1989 ), Par 104 ( a ) Conceptual Framework ( 2010 ), Par.

Unlike most word processors, which follow the WYSIWYG (" what you see is what you get ") paradigm, LyX has a WYSIWYM (" what you see is what you mean ") approach, where what shows up on the screen is only an approximation of what will show up on the page.

Whereas the first paradigm focused on ostensibly distinct " languages " ( scare quotes indicate that contemporary linguistic anthropologists treat the concept of " a language " as an ideal construction covering up complexities within and " across " so-called linguistic boundaries ), the unit of analysis in the second paradigm was new — the " speech event.

In the past, the price difference between the two models has favored " scale up " computing for those applications that fit its paradigm, but recent advances in virtualization technology have blurred that advantage, since deploying a new virtual system over a hypervisor ( where possible ) is almost always less expensive than actually buying and installing a real one. Configuring an existing idle system has always been less expensive than buying, installing, and configuring a new one, regardless of the model.

The new paradigm places more attention on the efforts of poor people to reduce their many vulnerabilities by keeping more of what they earn and building up their assets.

Using the familiar characters from the Mario franchise, the game not only departed from the realism paradigm by using small karts for the players to drive, but also featured bright, colourful environments and allowed the players to pick up power-ups to improve performance or hamper other racers.

The term new social movements ( NSMs ) is a theory of social movements that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s ( i. e. in a post-industrial economy ) which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional social movement paradigm.

This new paradigm breaks up the processing of instructions into these steps:

In his molecular biology period, Benzer dissected the fine structure of a single gene, laying down the ground work for decades of mutation analysis and genetic engineering, and setting up a paradigm using the rII phage that would later be used by Francis Crick and Sidney Brenner to establish the triplet code of DNA.

Kuhn claimed that far from merely building on the previous theory's accomplishments, each one essentially throws out the old way of looking at the universe, and comes up with its own vocabulary to describe it and its own guidelines for expanding knowledge within the new paradigm.

During periods of normalcy, scientists tend to subscribe to a large body of interconnecting knowledge, methods, and assumptions which make up the reigning paradigm ( see paradigm shift for more information on Kuhn's model ).

In broad terms, the entire process of anima development in a male is about the male subject opening up to emotionality, and in that way a broader spirituality, by creating a new conscious paradigm that includes intuitive processes, creativity and imagination, and psychic sensitivity towards himself and others where it might not have existed previously.

The theory never became widely influential, but has recently been picked up by post-structuralist philosophers as a possible alternative to the dominant saussurean linguistic paradigm.

Their union was studied and featured within books, held up as an ideal paradigm for other fictional pairings, and praised as one of the greatest love stories ever told.

However, because of historical differences between System V and BSD behaviors with regard to ignoring SIGCHLD, calling wait remains the most portable paradigm for cleaning up after forked child processes.

Software designers and programmers decide how to use those paradigm elements.

Perhaps the Jewish students at Brooklyn College -- constituting 85 per cent of those who attend the day session -- can serve as a paradigm of the urban, lower-middle class Jewish student.

The statement also points to a classic paradox: The more men turn toward God, who is not only in himself the paradigm of all unity but also the only ground on which human unity can ultimately be established, the more men splinter into groups and set themselves apart from one another.

American socialite Paris Hilton is a celebrity who is believed to typify the modern " famous for being famous " paradigm.

The idea that cells can be generated de novo, by the " cytoblast " or otherwise, contradicted work by Robert Remak ( 1852 ) and Rudolf Virchow ( 1855 ) who decisively propagated the new paradigm that cells are generated solely by cells (" Omnis cellula e cellula ").

Holzkamp, who had written two books on theory of science and one on sensory perception before publishing the Grundlegung der Psychologie in 1983, thought this major work provided a solid paradigm for psychological research, as he viewed psychology as a pre-paradigmatic scientific discipline ( T. S.

The Clementsian paradigm was challenged by Henry Gleason, who stated that ecological communities develop from the unique and coincidental association of individual organisms.

There are few scholars who believe this, but it demonstrates how the paradigm has shifted.

His goal was to find reasons for the different development paths of the cultures of the Occident and the Orient, although without judging or valuing them, like some of the contemporary thinkers who followed the social Darwinist paradigm ; Weber wanted primarily to explain the distinctive elements of the Western civilisation.

It is the work of the famous geographer William Morris Davis who not only made important contributions to the establishment of discipline in his country, but revolutionized the field to develop geographical cycle theory which he proposed as a paradigm for Geography in general, although in actually served as a paradigm for Physical Geography.

' A paradigm is what the members of a community of scientists share, and, conversely, a scientific community consists of men who share a paradigm '.

The paradigm within which a woman considers menopause also influences the way she views it: women who understand menopause as a medical condition rate it significantly more negatively than those who view it as a life transition or a symbol of aging.

This view traces back at least to Peter Kropotkin, who saw in the hunter-gatherer tribes he had visited the paradigm of " mutual aid ".

David Jones and Dylan Thomas are two writers of the 1930s who do not fit into this paradigm.

Similarly, OOP protagonists who claim their paradigm is superior are met with opposition from strong sceptics such as Alexander Stepanov who suggested that OOP provides a mathematically limited viewpoint and called it, " almost as much of a hoax as Artificial Intelligence "

For example, researchers have used the effort justification paradigm to increase students ’ enthusiasm for educational activities by offering no external reward for students ’ efforts: preschoolers who completed puzzles with the promise of a reward were less interested in the puzzles later, as compared to preschoolers who were offered no reward in the first place.

Dynamic leaders who introduce and purport the paradigm

* Government agencies who give credence to the paradigm

The work however is highly satirical and mocks the conventional paradigm of medieval courtly literature by presenting himself as an old, ill, impotent poet as the lover of a young and beautiful maiden, who falls in love with him from his reputation as a poet alone.

In early 2009, a petition to President Barack Obama was written asking that he appoints a " Drug Czar " who will treat drug abuse as a health issue rather than a criminal issue and will move away from a " War on Drugs " paradigm.

Equivalents could be assigned to the paradigm either at the time it is added to the dictionary or after the word has been studied in context.

If all forms of a paradigm are grouped together within the dictionary, a considerable reduction in the amount of information required is possible.

In November 2008, the UK based think tank Demos published an influential pamphlet entitled ' It's a material world: caring for the public realm ', in which they argue for integrating the public directly into efforts to conserve material culture, particularly that which is in the public, their argument, as stated on page 16, demonstrates their belief that society can benefit from conservation as a paradigm as well as a profession:

The behavior of the horizon in this situation is a dissipative system that is closely analogous to that of a conductive stretchy membrane with friction and electrical resistance — the membrane paradigm.

That, perhaps, is the paradigm case of a difference in ways in which items can be said to be, or to have being.

Consequentialist theories that adopt this paradigm hold that right action is the action that will bring about the best consequences from this ideal observer's perspective.

The less a given case is like the paradigm, the weaker the justification is for treating that case like the paradigmatic case.

In a set-theoretic paradigm, currying is the natural correspondence between the set of functions from to, and the set of functions from to the set of functions from to.

It is from this feedback that the paradigm of the control loop arises: the control affects the system output, which in turn is measured and looped back to alter the control.

This paradigm is not entirely problem-free.

The provenance of the pronunciation with of Taoism is a gap in the English phonemic paradigm for the unvoiced unaspirated in dào ' way '.

A divide and conquer paradigm to performing a triangulation in d dimensions is presented in " DeWall: A fast divide and conquer Delaunay triangulation algorithm in E < sup > d </ sup >" by P. Cignoni, C. Montani, R. Scopigno .< ref >

Based on George Akerlof's " Market for Lemons " article, the paradigm example is of a dodgy second-hand car market.

Isaacs however claimed that ' Freud's " hallucinatory wish-fulfilment " and his .." introjection " and " projection " are the basis of the fantasy life '; and how far unconscious fantasy was a genuine development of Freud's ideas, how far it represented the formation of a new psychoanalytic paradigm, is perhaps the key question of the Controversial discussions.

In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids state and mutable data.

A table giving all the conjugated variants of a verb in a given language is called a conjugation table or a verb paradigm.

Literary critic Walter Anderson maintains that Conrad is an ardent materialist with an unusual understanding of the implications of this reductionist paradigm.

The central paradigm of classical information theory is the engineering problem of the transmission of information over a noisy channel.