Neither 495 nor 532 may be treated as reliable, however, the latter date relies on the presumption that the Regnal List is correct in presenting the kings of Wessex as having succeeded one another, with no omitted kings, no joint kingships, and that the durations of the reigns are correct as given.

Section 2 of the Act limits the common law presumption that conduct may be treated as contempt regardless of intention: now only cases where there is a substantial risk of serious prejudice to a trial are affected.

In other jurisdictions ( e. g. England, Australia, Canada ), this presumption may be rebutted through proof that the minor is ‘ mature ’ ( the ‘ Gillick standard ’).

If a presumption of abuse is found under the means test, it may only be rebutted in the case of " special circumstances.

Be that as it may, " Northern Greek " is based on a presumption that Dorians came from the north and on the fact that Doric is closely related to Northwest Greek.

The due process for petitions for such writs is not simply civil or criminal, because they incorporate the presumption of nonauthority, so that the official who is the respondent has the burden to prove his authority to do or not do something, failing which the court has no discretion but to decide for the petitioner, who may be any person, not just an interested party.

As in complaints upon witchcrafts, there may be matters of inquiry which do not amount unto matters of presumption, and there may be matters of presumption which yet may not be matters of conviction, so it is necessary, that all proceedings thereabout be managed with an exceeding tenderness towards those that may be complained of, especially if they have been persons formerly of an unblemished reputation.

Thereafter, there may be a rebuttable presumption against the use of criminal sanctions except in more serious cases.

In England, although there may once have been a presumption of perpetuity, plots are now effectively bought on leasehold for between 25 and 100 years.

In the United Kingdom, laws introduced in the past decade, while still supporting the presumption of innocence, have swung the right to silence slightly back the other way: suspects are told they have the right to remain silent but are now also cautioned that anything they do not reveal in questioning but later rely upon in court may harm their defence.

A diagnosis of a persistent vegetative state in the US usually still requires a petitioner to prove in court that recovery is impossible by informed medical opinion, while in the UK the " permanent " diagnosis already gives the petitioner this presumption and may make the legal process less time-consuming.

Resulting publications that include conclusions based on the presumption that letter was authentic are still available and may influence the opinions of those seeking information on " deep Mormon doctrine " or evidence to support a naturalistic or magical historical view of Mormonism or Joseph Smith.

According to several authorities, a decision may not be rendered in opposition to a view of Maimonides, even where he apparently militated against the sense of a Talmudic passage, for in such cases the presumption was that the words of the Talmud were incorrectly interpreted.

According to several authorities (" Yad Mal ' akhi " rule 26, pg 186 ), a decision may not be rendered in opposition to a view of Maimonides, even though the latter apparently militated against the sense of a Talmudic passage, for in such cases the presumption was that the words of the Talmud were incorrectly interpreted.

If the defendant is unable to challenge the presumption of guilt at the hearing, the officer or prosecutor may request that additional conditions of probation be imposed, that the duration be extended, or that a period of incarceration be ordered, followed by a return to probation.

" Under EU law, very large market shares raise a presumption that a firm is dominant, which may be rebuttable.

An inmate may rebut this presumption during the disciplinary process.

The presumption in the literature would appear to be that the basic wage rate would be unchanged in this case, on the grounds that it is `` clearly '' not in the interest of the industry to raise wages gratuitously.

From this presumption it is an easy step to the conclusion that any observed increases in the basic wage rate must be due to union behavior different and more aggressive than assumed in our model.

There is a presumption in the classic example of a definition that the definiens can be stated.

But the Butler Committee recommended that proof of severe mental disorder should be sufficient to negate responsibility, in effect creating an irrebuttable presumption of irresponsibility arising from proof of a severe mental disorder.

The Catholic Encyclopedia author then explains the identification of Mary of Bethany with Mary Magdalene by the presumption that, because of Jesus ’ high praise of her deed of anointing him, it would be incredible that she should also not have been at his crucifixion and resurrection.

The Daily Universal Register of 11 November 1786 had stated: " the Botany Bay scheme is laid aside, as there is a strong presumption that a squadron from Brest are now, or soon will be, in possession of the very spot we meant to occupy in New Holland ".

Sokal reasoned that, if the presumption of editorial laziness is correct, the nonsensical content of his article would be irrelevant to whether the editors would publish it.

Some academics ( such as Thomas Alured Faunce ) feel that whistleblowers should at least be entitled to a rebuttable presumption that they are attempting to apply ethical principles in the face of obstacles and that whistleblowing would be more respected in governance systems if it had a firmer academic basis in virtue ethics.

On the presumption that the language is Greek, Vesuvius might be a Latinization of the negative οὔ ( ve ) prefixed to a root from or related to the Greek word σβέννυμι = " I quench ", in the sense of " unquenchable ".

To emphasise the general principle that justice should rise from the people and not be dictated by the law-making powers of governments, Rawls asserted that, " There is ... a general presumption against imposing legal and other restrictions on conduct without sufficient reason.

* Docilitas — The kind of open-mindedness that recognizes the true variety of things and situations to be experienced, and does not cage itself in any presumption of deceptive knowledge ; the ability to make use of the experience and authority of others to make prudent decisions

This presumption can be rebutted, for instance, in circumstances of mental illness or other incompetence.

* Presumption of competence: Just as legal systems work on the presumption that a person is innocent until proven guilty, individuals accused of crimes should not be presumed incompetent simply because a doctor or psychiatrist labels them as such.

The standard that must be met by the prosecution's evidence in a criminal prosecution is that no other logical explanation can be derived from the facts except that the defendant committed the crime, thereby overcoming the presumption that a person is innocent until proven guilty.

Napoleon felt secure in the presumption that the war with Austria would be drawn out, or would result in Austrian victory, when he agreed not to intervene in 1864.

In the green belt there is a general presumption against inappropriate development, unless very special circumstances can be demonstrated to show that the benefits of the development will outweigh the harm caused to the green belt.

The presumption, however, can be rebutted by evidence to the contrary, at least prior to a formal court ruling involving the putative paternity ( often this is a decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation ).

If a presumption of abuse is found under the means test, it may only be rebutted in the case of " special circumstances.

The presumption raised by the Business Judgment Rule may be rebutted by the plaintiff.

"... the presumption of resulting trust is rebutted by evidence of any intention inconsistent with such a trust, not only by evidence of an intention to make a gift.

In English law, a conclusive presumption is a presumption of law that cannot be rebutted by evidence and must be taken to be the case whatever the evidence to the contrary.

43 ) However the presumption can be rebutted by evidence that shows " a certain relationship or degree of control existed between the alleged authorizer and the persons who committed the copyright infringement ".

In some cases, the presumption of death can sometimes be rebutted, according to Sentell, courts will consider evidence that the absent person was a fugitive from justice, had money troubles, had a bad relationship, or had no family ties or connection to a community as reasons not to presume death.

In this case, the House of Lords stated there was a strong presumption the owner intends to contract with the person physically present before him and only in extreme cases would the presumption be rebutted.

In some jurisdictions, the rule survives, but only as a presumption or a rule of construction, that can be rebutted by evidence that the grantor meant otherwise.