An idea that differentiates him from Feyerabend who states in books such as Problems of Empiricism and Against Method that if the new theory deviates into new areas, this is not a problem of the theory, as often the conceptual progress leads to the disappearance and not to the refutation or resolution of the old questions.

The phrase ignoratio elenchi is from Latin, and can be roughly translated as " ignorance of refutation ", that is, ignorance of what a refutation could logically be.

By and large, good moves in the very earliest stages are determined by whether there is a refutation to a move only and few other truly general considerations aside from what exactly constitutes a refutation.

The six professors outlined what they considered to be " the current limits of scientifically acceptable investigation of the nervous system " and after criticising the Emerys and their work concluded that the article about the Emerys ' book " reflects upon the standards of brain research done in this University by those who are in it for the sake of finding out how a nervous system really works rather than for the support or refutation of a particular social issue ".

She told The Jewish Daily Forward that, in re-writing rather than simply translating Un di Velt Hot Geshvign, Wiesel had replaced an angry survivor who regards " testimony as a refutation of what the Nazis did to the Jews ," with one " haunted by death, whose primary complaint is directed against God, not the world, the Nazis.

Since accuracy was essential to his refutation of The True Word, most scholars agree that Origen is a reliable source for what Celsus said.

His refutation of what Russell Kirk termed " ritualistic liberalism " ( Nash 87 ) struck a chord with conservative intellectuals.

But you go to a great school not so much for knowledge as for arts and habits ; for the habit of attention, for the art of expression, for the art of assuming at a moment's notice a new intellectual position, for the art of entering quickly into another person's thoughts, for the habit of submitting to censure and refutation, for the art of indicating assent or dissent in graduated terms, for the habit of regarding minute points of accuracy, for the art of working out what is possible in a given time, for taste, for discrimination, for mental courage, and for mental soberness.

This prompted a refutation later that year by Samuel Gardiner, who argued that Gerard had gone too far in trying to " wipe away the reproach " which the plot had exacted on generations of English Catholics.

Tanenbaum later published a refutation of the book's interpretation, saying he believed Torvalds wrote Linux single-handedly.

While the well-known Christian Hebraist Johann Christoph Wagenseil attempted an elaborate refutation of Abraham's arguments, Wagenseil's Latin translation of it only increased interest in the work and inspired later Christian freethinkers.

His work, Or Adonai, became a classic refutation of medieval Aristotelism, and harbinger of the scientific revolution in the 16th century.

But his concise philosophical work Or Adonai, The Light of the Lord became a classical Jewish refutation of medieval Aristotelianism, and a harbinger of the scientific revolution in the 16th century.

His father, Jacques-François Deluc, was the author of some publications in refutation of Mandeville and other rationalistic writers, which are best known through Rousseau's humorous account of his ennui in reading them ; and he gave his son an excellent education, chiefly in mathematics and natural science.

In it he discusses: the origin and character of the various books, with a consideration of the objections brought against them by the Jews and others ; the quotations from the Old Testament in the New ; the inspiration of the New Testament ( with a refutation of the opinions of Spinoza ); the Greek dialect in which they are written ( against C. Salmasius ); and the Greek manuscripts known at the time, especially Codex Bezae ( Cantabrigiensis ).

Epistula Apostolorum, a little known 2nd century text, which is roughly contemporary with the above work of Irenaeus, seems to have been written as a direct refutation of the teachings of Cerinthus.

No clear refutation is known.

She is noted for her early philosophical work on the foundations of quantum mechanics, and is now known most of all for an early, but long-ignored refutation of a no-hidden-variable theorem by John von Neumann.

The best known are the Annales Ecclesiastici, written by Cardinal Baronius as a rejoinder to and refutation of the Historia eccesiastica or " Centuries " of the Protestant theologians of Magdeburg ( 12 volumes, published in Rome from 1788 to 1793 ; Baronius's work stops at the year 1197 ).

Cicero and Quintilian, for example, encouraged writers to rearrange the structure when it strengthened their case: for instance, if the opposing arguments were known to be powerful, it might be better to place the refutation before the proof.

The upcoming sacrifice is well known to theory and Kasparov must have known about it ( in fact, there are some reports that he even wrote an article supporting 8. Nxe6 as a refutation ).

The early part of the refutation of the opposition's arguments ( refutatio ), contains the first known exposition of the phrase silent enim leges inter arma (" in times of war, the laws fall silent ").

In the 15th century, a refutation of Ibn Rushd ’ s arguments in Tahāfut al-Tahāfut was written by a Turkic scholar Mustafā Ibn Yūsuf al-Bursawī, also known as Khwājah Zādā ( d. 1487 ), who defended al-Ghazali's views.

The Augustinian position, and the similar Griesbach hypothesis, has drawn recent interest, especially from B. C. Butler, John Wenham, W. R. Farmer, and others as an alternative solution to the synoptic problem, and has been employed as a scholarly refutation of Marcan Priority, the Q hypothesis, and the two-source hypothesis.

In 1563 the long-gathering storm of slander burst upon the occasion of the publication of his Thirty Dialogues, in one of which his adversaries maintained that he had justified polygamy under colour of a pretended refutation.

* Artemi, Eirini, The rejection of the term Theotokos by Nestorius Constantinople more and his refutation by Cyril of Alexandria, http :// independent. academia. edu / EIRINIARTEMINationalandCapodistrianUniversityofAthens / Papers / 1721697 / The_rejection_of_the_term_Theotokos_by_Nestorius_Constantinople

" In fact, a good deal of the early Christian literature is devoted to the exposure and refutation of unorthodox theology, mystery religions and Gnostic groups.

* Barons ' Letter, 1301, refutation by English barons of Pope's claim to Scottish suzeraignty.

He also presents an argument against qualia ; he argues that the concept is so confused that it cannot be put to any use or understood in any non-contradictory way, and therefore does not constitute a valid refutation of physicalism.

Those who agree with this criticism argue it is a refutation of non-market socialism and that it shows that a fully planned economy could never work.

In contrast to Positivism, which held that statements are meaningless if they cannot be verified or falsified, Popper claimed that falsifiability is merely a special case of the more general notion of criticizability, even though he admitted that empirical refutation is one of the most effective methods by which theories can be criticized.

Free market economists consider this credit-expansion as the cause of the business cycle in refutation of this Keynesian criticism.

This type of refutation is valid only if the inference was from one Scripture, not if it was from two Scriptures.

The first four books of Against Heresies constitute a minute analysis and refutation of the Gnostic doctrines.

Though far from a complete refutation, this was the first strong statement by analytic philosophy against its idealist predecessors, or at any rate against the type of idealism represented by Berkeley.

The Prodromus was a Calvinist refutation of one of the most influential anti-Trinitarian works, De vera religione of Johannes Völkel.

In the words of patriot Benjamin Rush, " The Old Testament is the best refutation that can be given to the divine right of kings, and the strongest argument that can be used in favor of the original and natural equality of all mankind.

Elenctic refutation depends on a dichotomous thesis, one that may be divided into exactly two mutually exclusive parts, only one of which may be true.

# Socrates ' interlocutor asserts a thesis, for example " Courage is endurance of the soul ", which Socrates considers false and targets for refutation.

Here elenchi is the genitive singular of the Latin noun elenchus, which is from the Greek elenchos, meaning an argument of disproof or refutation.

Max Weber's article has been cited as a definitive refutation of the dependence of the economic theory of value on the laws of psychophysics by Lionel Robbins, George Stigler, and Friedrich Hayek, though the broader issue of the relation between economics and psychology has come back into the academic debate with the development of " behavioral economics.

For the intuitionist, this is not valid ; the refutation of the non-existence does not mean that it is possible to find a construction for the putative object, as is required in order to assert its existence.

* The refutation that cognitions, either perceived, inferred, or otherwise, can be used to refute omniscience.

Pseudoscience is often characterized by the use of vague, exaggerated or unprovable claims, an over-reliance on confirmation rather than rigorous attempts at refutation, a lack of openness to evaluation by other experts, and a general absence of systematic processes to rationally develop theories.

Given a query, the Prolog engine attempts to find a resolution refutation of the negated query.