The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and initiating the Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief designer ( there is a crater on the lunar far side which bears his name ).

On Puck, a moon of Uranus, there is a crater named Bogle, in deference to the system of nomenclature on this satellite, whose features are all named after various mischievous spirits.

A team of California researchers including Kevin Pope, Adriana Ocampo, and Charles Duller, surveying regional satellite images in 1996, found a sinkhole ( cenote ) ring centered on Chicxulub that matched the one Penfield saw earlier ; the sinkholes were thought to be caused by subsidence of the impact crater wall.

To the northwest a low rise in the surface is all that separated Anaximander from the much larger satellite crater Anaximander B.

The rim is lowest along the northeast side where Anaximenes partly overlaps the equally worn satellite crater Anaximenes G. There are also low cuts through the rim along the southeast, where the crater is attached to an unnamed plain in the surface.

* Master, S. and Woldai, T. ( 2004 ) The UMM Al Binni structure in the Mesopotamian marshlands of Southern Iraq, as a postulated late holocene meteorite impact crater: geological setting and new LANDSAT ETM + and Aster satellite imagery.

* Master, S. and Woldai, T. ( 2004 ) Umm al Binni structure, southern Iraq, as a postulated late holocene meteorite impact crater: new satellite imagery and proposals for future research.

The satellite crater Cabannes J is attached to the southeast rim, and lies between Cabannes and the heavily impacted crater Berlage.

The satellite view of Fangataufa Atoll shows the dark blue depths of the induced crater.

Todd crater on Phobos ( a satellite of Mars ) is named after him.

Chiyli crater, NASA satellite image

Monochrome satellite view of the crater

The original crater has been completely eroded and is not readily visible on aerial or satellite images ; the evidence for impact comes rather from the presence of shocked quartz and shatter cones in outcrops of granite interpreted the be near the centre of the original crater, and from geophysical data.

Stickney is the largest crater on Phobos, which is a satellite of Mars.

The relay satellite impacted the lunar farside near the Mineur D crater at 19: 46 JST ( 10: 46 UTC ) on February 12, 2009.

Astronomers defined the fundamental location in the selenographic coordinate system by the small, bowl-shaped satellite crater ' Mösting A '.

The crater was previously known as Le Monnier B, a satellite crater of Le Monnier, before being renamed by the IAU.

The satellite crater Zwicky N, located in the midst of the interior of Zwicky, has a relatively dark floor by comparison with the surrounding terrain.

It has a valley at the southern end that extends toward the satellite crater Amici M. The interior floor has no notable impact formations, but is pock-marked by tiny craterlets.

The satellite crater Hell Q lies at the center of a patch of higher albedo surface located in the eastern half of Deslandres.

The northern half is rugged and irregular, with the satellite crater Newton D overlying the north-northeastern rim and extending across nearly half the crater diameter.

Following pressure by the American Rocket Society, the National Science Foundation, and the International Geophysical Year, military interest picked up and in early 1955 the Army and Navy were working on Project Orbiter, two competing programs, the army's which involved using a Jupiter C rocket, and the civilian / Navy Vanguard Rocket, to launch a satellite.

* October – Arthur C. Clarke puts forward the idea of a communications satellite in a Wireless World magazine article.

In satellite communications, carrier-to-receiver noise density ( C / kT ) is the ratio of the received carrier power to the receiver noise power density.

The concept of the geostationary communications satellite was first proposed by Arthur C. Clarke, building on work by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and on the 1929 work by Herman Potočnik ( writing as Herman Noordung ) Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums-der Raketen-motor.

Thus, Arthur C. Clarke is often quoted as being the inventor of the communications satellite.

PNNL operates a marine research facility in Sequim, and has satellite offices in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington ; Portland, Oregon ; College Park, Maryland, and Washington, D. C.

EchoStar was formed in 1980 by its chairman and chief executive officer, Charles Ergen along with colleagues Candy Ergen and Jim Defranco, as a distributor of C band satellite television systems.

A C-band dish ( often given as BUD, for " big ugly dish ") is a colloquial name for a TVRO satellite dish used to receive satellite television signals from FSS-type satellites on the microwave C band.

Each satellite also can carry up to 32 transponders in the K < sub > u </ sub > band, but only 24 in the C band, and several digital subchannels can be multiplexed ( MCPC ) or carried separately ( SCPC ) on a single transponder.

In August 1963, President John F. Kennedy in Washington, D. C., telephoned Nigerian Prime Minister Abubakar Balewa aboard USNS Kingsport docked in Lagos Harbor ; the first live two-way call between heads of government by satellite.

On January 31, 1958, after finally receiving permission to proceed, von Braun and the ABMA pace evelopment team used a Jupiter C in a Juno I configuration ( addition of a fourth stage ) to successfully place Explorer 1, the first American satellite, into orbit around the earth.

Observations of comet C / 1999 S4 ( LINEAR ) with the Chandra satellite in 2000 determined that X-rays observed from that comet were produced predominantly by charge exchange collisions between highly charged carbon oxygen and nitrogen minor ions in the solar wind, and neutral water, oxygen and hydrogen in the comet's coma.

A similar idea was the French C Plus Direct satellite channel which used different, higher speed technology to broadcast PC software.

This table lists government's designation of each type of satellite ( C, C-prime, J-1, etc.

A C band satellite dish.

In the Philippines, NBC Nightly News is shown Monday to Sunday at 7: 30 am for the live ( via satellite when DST happens ) broadcast with replays at 11: 30 am and 6: 00 pm local time on Talk TV, it was formerly shown on GMA Network from 1970 to 1993, 2nd Avenue from 2005 to 2007 and C / S ( now Solar TV ) from 2008 to 2011.

* 1957, Mathematician Donald B. Gillies, Physicist, James E. Snyder and Astronomers George C. McVittie, S. P. Wyatt, Ivan R. King and George W. Swenson of the University of Illinois used the ILLIAC I computer to calculate the orbit of the Sputnik I satellite within 2 days of its launch.

* I. R. King, G. C. McVittie, G. W. Swenson, Jr., and S. P. Wyatt, Jr., " Further observations of the first satellite ," Nature, No. 4593, November 9, 1957, p. 943.

For a typical 2 meter satellite dish operating on C band ( 4 GHz ), like the one shown here, this formula gives a beamwidth of about 2. 6 °.

In the same brief letter where he introduced the communications satellite, Arthur C. Clarke suggested that, with respect to spacecraft, " the operating period might be indefinitely prolonged by the use of thermocouples.

It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. HDV is considered to be a subviral satellite because it can propagate only in the presence of the hepatitis B virus ( HBV ).

4DTV is the name of a Television receive-only ( TVRO ) consumer satellite television tuner technology manufactured by Motorola for use with large-diameter parabolic satellite dish antennas on the C and K < sub > u </ sub > frequency bands on multiple satellites.

4DTV receivers were designed to receive analog NTSC ( except the DSR-905 ) in the clear or VideoCipherII channels and feeds, as well as digital Digicipher 2 signals as a TVRO satellite system on both C and Ku bands.