The cause of the rapid widespread acceptance of Celebrex and Vioxx by physicians was the publication of two large trials, the Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study CLASS study in JAMA, and the Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research VIGOR study in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The VIGOR study was followed by the Assessment of Difference between Vioxx and Naproxen to Ascertain Gastrointestinal Tolerability and Effectiveness ( ADVANTAGE ) study, which showed that 9. 1 % of people taking Vioxx received a gastro-protective medicine compared with 11. 2 % of people taking naproxen, a reduction of 19 %.

Similarly, the complete VIGOR study data revealed that in fact, when all adverse events, not just gastrointestinal, were tabulated, the patients receiving VIOXX had suffered ( barely ) significantly higher incidence of adverse events overall than the control NSAID group.

In 2007, U. S. Department of Defense ’ s Telemedicine and Advanced Technologies Research Center ( TATRC ) began to study the antimicrobial properties of copper alloys, including four brasses ( C87610, C69300, C26000, C46400 ) in a multi-site clinical hospital trial conducted at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center ( New York City ), the Medical University of South Carolina, and the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center ( South Carolina ).

The first large-scale trial evaluating the efficacy of BCG was conducted from 1956 to 1963, and involved 54, 239 school children who received BCG at the age of 14 or 15 ; this study showed an efficacy of 84 % up to five years after immunization.

In most systems, the trial ( or the procedure ) can be suspended in order to allow the experts to study the case and produce their results.

After graduation, Polk traveled to Nashville to study law under renowned Nashville trial attorney Felix Grundy.

In one study, citizens willing to impose the death penalty were presented in 2 experiments with 4 sets of instructions ( i. e., baseline instructions, instructions used at trial, instructions revised according to Eighth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution holdings, and model instructions written in nontechnical language ).

A 2009 study by the European Association of Law and Economics observed that innocent defendants are consistently more likely than guilty defendants to reject otherwise-favorable pleas proposals, even when theoretically disadvantageous to do so, because of perceived unfairness, and would do so even if the expected sanction would be worse if they proceeded to trial.

The study concluded that " his somewhat counterintuitive ' cost of innocence ,' where the preferences of innocents lead them collectively to fare worse than their guilty counterparts, is further increased by the practice of imposing much harsher sentences at trial on defendants who contest the charges.

However, this prompted the The Department for Transport to undertake a desk study in to semi-trailer trucks, which has resulted in the longer semi-trailer trial which commenced in 2012.

This time is chronicled in the novel Cain's Book, which at the time became something of a sensation, being an honest study of heroin addiction with descriptions of sex and drug use that got it banned in Britain, where the book was the subject of an obscenity trial ; in America, however, it received favourable reviews.

Mencken is known for writing The American Language, a multi-volume study of how the English language is spoken in the United States, and for his satirical reporting on the Scopes trial, which he dubbed the " Monkey Trial ".

* Clinical trial – a study carried out in humans ( generally using volunteers ) to answer a question such as whether a new treatment ( or drug or exercise technique ) is effective or safe as treatment.

* Diabetes control and complications trial ( DCCT ) – A 10-year study ( 1983 – 1993 ) funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to assess the effects of intensive therapy on the long-term complications of diabetes.

One trial review indicated that sucking on crystallized ginger or sipping ginger tea can help to relieve the nausea, while an earlier study indicated that it had only a placebo effect.

* Clinical trial, a medical research study

However a 2004 National Audit Organization report noted that the business case was unproved ; conditions at the site of the Variable Speed Limits trial were not stable before or during the trial, and the study was deemed neither properly controlled nor reliable.

This study confirmed the results of the initial company-sponsored randomized controlled trial and provided independent verification of the efficacy of TMS in the treatment of major depression in individuals who have not benefited from initial antidepressant medication therapy.

This study concluded that "... daily left prefrontal TMS as monotherapy produced significant and clinically meaningful antidepressant therapeutic effects greater than sham ..." A follow-on open-label extension study for the NIMH-sponsored trial reported similar outcomes to those observed in the company sponsored open-label study.

Gosset acquired that knowledge by study, trial and error and by spending two terms in 1906 – 7 in the biometric laboratory of Karl Pearson.

" Another example researchers reported in the study was a clinical trial of a new therapy for cancer patients suffering from anorexia.

When plaintiffs tried to use the memo in support of punitive damages, the trial judge ruled it inadmissible for that purpose ( p. 1021, Schwartz study ).

On December 13, 2004, the HIV Vaccine Trials Network ( HVTN ) began recruiting for the STEP study, a 3, 000-participant phase II clinical trial of a novel HIV vaccine, at sites in North America, South America, the Caribbean and Australia.

" While chemical issues in the brain that result in anxiety ( especially resulting from genetics ) are well documented, this study highlights an additional environmental factor that may result from being raised by parents suffering from chronic anxiety.

Dollfuss, who was raised as a devout Roman Catholic, was shortly in seminary before deciding to study law at the University of Vienna and then economics at the University of Berlin.

The Komodo dragon was formerly thought to be deaf when a study reported no agitation in wild Komodo dragons in response to whispers, raised voices, or shouts.

Bernt Michael Holmboe supported Niels Henrik Abel with a scholarship to remain at the school and raised money from his friends to enable him to study at the Royal Frederick University.

The concern over SETI was raised by the science journal Nature in an editorial in October 2006, which commented on a recent meeting of the International Academy of Astronautics SETI study group.

The issue of women's right to study at universities was raised during the very last session of the estate parliament in 1865 in a motion from Carl Johan Svensén, a member of the farmers ' estate.

Also in 1919 Germany raised the issue of the Allied blockade to counter charges against the German use of submarine warfare. In 1928 a German academic study sponsored by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace provided a thorough analysis of the German civilian deaths during the war.

One of the questions raised by the author concerns the objectivity of the sociologist: how may one study an object that, from the very beginning, conditions and relates to the observer?

Edwards and Foley, as editors of a special edition of the American Behavioural Scientist on " Social Capital, Civil Society and Contemporary Democracy ", raised two key issues in the study of social capital.

Due to his poverty, his friends raised funds sufficient to send him to Heliopolis, Egypt to pursue his study of astronomy and mathematics.

Black cohosh has been associated with reports of acute liver toxicity and a concern has been raised regarding the stimulation of pre-existing breast cancer based on an animal study.

Questions have been raised as to whether a similar study today would pass the scrutiny and critical review to which scientific studies are routinely subjected.

In the ringing studies birds ringed as chicks are recapatured close to their original nests, a tendency which can be extreme at times ; in Laysan Albatross the average distance between hatching site and the site where a bird established its own territory was, and a study of Cory's Shearwaters nesting near Corsica found that of nine out of 61 male chicks that returned to breed at their natal colony actually bred in the burrow they were raised in.

Another study has raised questions about the quality of care received by minorities in MA plans.

This tendency, known as philopatry, is so strong that a study of Laysan Albatrosses found that the average distance between hatching site and the site where a bird established its own territory was 22 m ; another study, this time on Cory's Shearwaters nesting near Corsica, found that of nine out of 61 male chicks that returned to breed at their natal colony bred in the burrow they were raised in, and two actually bred with their own mother.

Originally centered on LGBT history and literary theory, the field has expanded to include the academic study of issues raised in biology, sociology, anthropology, the history of science, philosophy, psychology, political science, ethics, and other fields by an examination of the identity, lives, history, and perception of queer people.

Studies of human heritability often utilise adoption study designs, often with identical twins who have been separated early in life and raised in different environments ( see for example Fig.

; Returning territories for the sake of peace ; Institutionalizing parents with Alzheimer's disease ; Torah study vs. earning a living ; Investigating charities to which we contribute ; Telling the truth to terminal patients ; Genetic engineering ; The kashrut of veal raised on factory farms ; Is it a mitzvah to make aliyah?

R. Allen and Beatrix Gardner made a similar earlier study, called Project Washoe, in which another chimpanzee was raised like a human child.

Project Nim, a documentary film by James Marsh about the Nim study, explores the story ( and the wealth of archival footage ) to consider ethical issues, the emotional experiences of the trainers and the chimpanzee, and the deeper issues the experiment raised.

L ' Etape ( 1902 ) was a study of the inability of a family raised too rapidly from the peasant class to adapt itself to new conditions.

... His solution is to belittle the historical-critical method, to scold any aesthetic insight which deviates from his own, and to ascribe a " complete misunderstanding of the study of antiquity " to the age in which philology in Germany, especially through the work of Gottfried Hermann and Karl Lachmann, was raised to an unprecedented height.

Bird ringing also provides compelling evidence of philopatry ; a study of Cory's Shearwaters nesting near Corsica found that of nine out of 61 male chicks that returned to breed at their natal colony actually bred in the burrow they were raised in.