They may cause mitochondrial swelling through the formation of membrane pores, or they may increase the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane and cause apoptotic effectors to leak out.

Misuse of a hackamore can cause swelling on the nose, scraping on the nose and jawbone, and extreme misuse may cause damage to the bones and cartilage of the horse's head.

However, Robert Connolly, a lecturer in physical anthropology, suggests that the sinew may have been ornamental and that ligature marks may have been caused by the body swelling when submerged.

For cancer survivors, therefore, wearing a prescribed and properly fitted compression garment may help decrease swelling during air travel.

A fresh PA piercing may cause bleeding, swelling and inflammation.

If untreated, it may lead to swelling of the optic disc in the eye, which can progress to vision loss.

In rheumatoid arthritis, there may be no changes in the early stages of the disease, or the x-ray may demonstrate juxta-articular osteopenia, soft tissue swelling and loss of joint space.

X-rays of other joints may be taken if symptoms of pain or swelling occur in those joints.

They may be associated with generalized swelling and are very tender.

The sores of herpes which occur with vesicles are extremely tender and may cause such swelling that passing urine is difficult.

Venomous snake bites may cause a variety of symptoms, including pain, swelling, tissue necrosis, low blood pressure, convulsions, hemorrhage ( varying by species of snake ), respiratory paralysis, kidney failure, coma and death.

Anything with alcohol, peroxide, iodine, or any strong soaps should be avoided because they may irritate the fresh piercing, and cause additional swelling and trauma during the healing process.

Contact with the stinger causes local trauma ( from the cut itself ), pain, swelling, muscle cramps from the venom, and later may result in infection from bacteria.

It may be temporary, caused by a head cold or swelling or blockage of the nasal passages.

This may be related to swelling of the endolymphatic sac or other tissues in the vestibular system of the inner ear, which is responsible for the body's sense of balance.

The patient may also experience muscle spasms, local swelling, abnormally increased sweating, changes in skin temperature ( usually hot but sometimes cold ) and color ( bright red or a reddish violet ), softening and thinning of bones, joint tenderness or stiffness, and / or restricted or painful movement.

Small children with DKA are relatively prone to cerebral edema ( swelling of the brain tissue ), which may cause headache, coma, loss of the pupillary light reflex, and progress to death.

Painful testicular swelling ( orchitis ) and rash may also occur.

Symptoms may include inflammation, redness, swelling, and dysuria

The male's testes may also be visible externally from scrotal swelling.

Lymphedema is the swelling caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid, which may occur if the lymphatic system is damaged or has malformations.

Their roar, like the swelling volume of a hundred tornadoes could be heard for miles.

Some, she knew, looked upon Thompson almost as a saint, but others read in `` The Hound Of Heaven '' what they took to be the confessions of a great sinner, who, like Oscar Wilde, had -- as one pious writer later put it -- thrown himself `` on the swelling wave of every passion ''.

He snuck up on the ham like Maggie, gumming it with soft, stumpy teeth, then panting with thirst, lapping up the water in the lagoon, swelling up like a balloon, staggering home to be sick, while his mother said, `` That does it.

The Hebrew, however, can be interpreted as " swelling in the secret parts ".

In a single report, the death of Jacqueline Henson was found to be related to swelling in her brain, which was associated with excessive water consumption over a short period of time, while she was on a special water diet.

Later that month Reynolds suffered from a swelling over his left eye and had to be purged by a surgeon.

If swelling is observed, the calf circumference should be measured with a tape measure.

This measurement can be compared to future measurements to see if the swelling is getting better.

Pressure should be applied with the fingertips over the ankle to determine the degree of swelling.

Damage to nerves can be caused by physical injury or swelling ( e. g. carpal tunnel syndrome ), autoimmune diseases ( e. g. Guillain-Barré syndrome ), infection ( neuritis ), diabetes or failure of the blood vessels surrounding the nerve.

Steroids are often given in high dose at the onset, in hope that the degree of inflammation and swelling of the cord will be lessened, but whether this is truly effective is still debated.

Stent placement can be useful for saving a kidney at risk for postrenal acute renal failure due to the increased hydrostatic pressure, swelling and infection ( pyelonephritis and pyonephrosis ) caused by an obstructing stone.

No matter which type of jewelry is used, the jewelry's diameter and length will be intentionally over sized to allow room for initial swelling.

Tumors can be detected by the swelling and anatomical distortion they cause, or by surrounding edema.

An application of raw onion is also said to be helpful in reducing swelling from bee stings.

The median nerve can be compressed by a decrease in the size of the canal, an increase in the size of the contents ( such as the swelling of lubrication tissue around the flexor tendons ), or both.

It produces cross-sectional images of the retina ( B-scans ) which can be used to measure the thickness of the retina and to resolve its major layers, allowing the observation of swelling and or leakage.

In some cases an injection of PSTTA ( posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetate ) may also be given to reduce the swelling of the eye.

A small swelling on the tuber cinereum posterior to the infundibulum – atop the pituitary stalk – the median eminence lies in the area roughly bounded on its posterolateral region by the cerebral peduncles, and on its anterolateral region by the optic chiasm.

The post-operative bruising and swelling usually subside within two weeks, and the narrow, surgical scars are hidden in the posterior skin folds of the ear ; yet the outcome is not fully noticeable until the swelling and bruising have gone.

Because the posterior optic nerve passes through the optic canal, a boney tunnel leading to the brain, swelling in this inelastic space causes compression.