Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting ( DTMB ) adopts time-domain synchronous ( TDS )- OFDM technology utilizing a pseudo random signal frame to serve as the guard interval ( GI ) of the OFDM block and the training symbol.

The sampling aperture can be a literal optical aperture, that is, a small opening in space, or it can be a time-domain aperture for sampling a signal waveform.

The frequency spectrum of a time-domain signal is a representation of that signal in the frequency domain.

Many liquid-helium-cooled commercial SQUIDs achieve a flat noise spectrum from near DC ( less than 1 Hz ) to tens of kilohertz, making such devices ideal for time-domain biomagnetic signal measurements.

* Breathing, a colloquial term for a time-domain signal processing artifact, also called pumping

In mathematics and signal processing, the Z-transform converts a discrete time-domain signal, which is a sequence of real or complex numbers, into a complex frequency-domain representation.

A time-domain graph shows how a signal changes with time, whereas a frequency-domain graph shows how much of the signal lies within each given frequency band over a range of frequencies.

Depending on what is known about the signal, estimation techniques can involve parametric or non-parametric approaches, and may be based on time-domain or frequency-domain analysis.

Uniformly sampled discrete-time signals can be expressed as the time-domain multiplication between a pulse train and a continuous time signal.

* Spectral density estimation, in statistics and signal processing, an algorithm that estimates the strength of different frequency components ( the power spectrum ) of a time-domain signal.

Put simply, a time-domain graph shows how a signal changes over time, whereas a frequency-domain graph shows how much of the signal lies within each given frequency band over a range of frequencies.

The rate equations may be solved by numerical integration to obtain a time-domain solution, or used to derive a set of steady state or small signal equations to help in further understanding the static and dynamic characteristics of semiconductor lasers.

Some filter specifications refer to the time-domain shape of the input signal the filter is expected to " recognize ".

In engineering terms, this transform takes a signal ( function ) from the time-domain to the Hartley spectral domain ( frequency domain ).

The filter bank and the spectrogram are the two simplest ways of producing a quadratic TFD ; they are in essence similar as one ( the spectrogram ) is obtained by dividing the time-domain in slices and then taking a fourier transform, while the other ( the filter bank ) is obtained by dividing the frequency domain in slices forming bandpass filters that are excited by the signal under analysis.

The ultimate end is meeting a requirements set typically provided in the time-domain called the Step response, or at times in the frequency domain called the Open-Loop response.

So, f is a mapping of the time-domain into the space of diffeomorphisms of the manifold to itself.

The DTFT is the mathematical dual of the time-domain Fourier series.

In such analyses, the Laplace transform is often interpreted as a transformation from the time-domain, in which inputs and outputs are functions of time, to the frequency-domain, where the same inputs and outputs are functions of complex angular frequency, in radians per unit time.

Here is the time-domain impulse response of the LTI system and,,, are the Laplace transforms of the input, output, and impulse response, respectively.

Packet mode communication is an asynchronous mode time-domain multiplexing which resembles time-division multiplexing.

An optical time-domain reflectometer ( OTDR ) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber.

( This is equivalent to the way that an electronic time-domain reflectometer measures reflections caused by changes in the impedance of the cable under test.

Among the most commonly used methods in the design of radio equipment such as antennas and feeds is the finite-difference time-domain method.

A time-domain reflectometer ( TDR ) is an electronic instrument used to characterize and locate faults in metallic cables ( for example, twisted wire pairs, coaxial cables ).

The equivalent device for optical fiber is an optical time-domain reflectometer.

Fourier transform spectroscopy is a measurement technique whereby spectra are collected based on measurements of the coherence of a radiative source, using time-domain or space-domain measurements of the electromagnetic radiation or other type of radiation.

This is a very common operation performed on digitally sampled time-domain data, using the discrete Fourier transform.

Also, when a time-domain function is sampled to facilitate storage or computer-processing, it is still possible to recreate a version of the original Fourier transform according to the Poisson summation formula, also known as discrete-time Fourier transform.

The corresponding time-domain function for the phase of a linear chirp is the integral of the frequency:

The corresponding time-domain function for a sinusoidal linear chirp is the sine of the phase in radians:

The corresponding time-domain function for the phase of a exponential chirp is the integral of the frequency:

The corresponding time-domain function for a sinusoidal exponential chirp is the sine of the phase in radians:

For time-domain signals, the unit for sampling rate is hertz ( inverse seconds, 1 / s, s < sup >− 1 </ sup >), sometimes noted as Sa / s ( samples per second ).

Packet mode multiple-access is typically also based on time-domain multiplexing, but not in a cyclically repetitive frame structure, and therefore it is not considered as TDM or TDMA.

* FDTD is a time-domain technique, and when a broadband pulse ( such as a Gaussian pulse ) is used as the source, then the response of the system over a wide range of frequencies can be obtained with a single simulation.

The Fast Fourier Transform process converts time-domain samples into frequency domain spectra.

* Fourier transform spectroscopy, a measurement technique whereby spectra are collected based on measurements of the temporal coherence of a radiative source, using time-domain measurements of the electromagnetic radiation or other type of radiation, including several methods such as the continuous wave Michelson or Fourier transform spectrometer and the pulsed Fourier transform spectrograph

Subsequently, a Fourier transform is used to extract the frequency spectrum from the time-domain data.

The inverse Fourier transform of the Havriliak-Negami function ( the corresponding time-domain relaxation function ) can be numerically calculated.

The time-domain excitation waveform is formed from the inverse Fourier transform of the appropriate frequency-domain excitation spectrum, which is chosen to excite the resonance frequencies of selected ions.