Furthermore, conditioned reactions are fundamentally altered when the hypothalamic sympathetic reactivity is augmented beyond a critical level, and several types of behavioral changes probably related to the degree of central autonomic `` tuning '' are observed.

The standard tuning for an acoustic guitar is E-A-D-G-B-E ( low to high ), although many players, particularly fingerpickers, use alternate tunings ( scordatura ), such as " open G " ( D-G-D-G-B-D ), " open D " ( D-A-D-F-A-D ), or " drop D " ( D-A-D-G-B-E ).

Critics of the SAP argue in favor of a weak anthropic principle ( WAP ) similar to the one defined by Brandon Carter, which states that the universe's ostensible fine tuning is the result of selection bias: i. e., only in a universe capable of eventually supporting life will there be living beings capable of observing any such fine tuning, while a universe less compatible with life will go unbeheld.

Sometimes the balalaika is tuned " guitar style " by folk musicians to G-B-D ( mimicking the three highest strings of the Russian guitar ), whereby it is easier to play for Russian guitar players, although classically trained balalaika purists avoid this tuning.

In game design, balance is the concept and the practice of tuning relationships between a game's component systems.

The most common by far, which one could call the " standard tuning " is:

The above order, is the tuning from the 1st string ( highest-pitched string e '— spatially the bottom string in playing position ) to the 6th string ( lowest-pitched string E — spatially the upper string in playing position, and hence comfortable to pluck with the thumb.

This policy is also why Canadian viewers do not see American advertisements during the Super Bowl, even when tuning into one of the many American networks carried on Canadian televisions.

Intake port tuning and scavenging may allow a greater mass of charge ( at a higher than atmospheric pressure ) to be trapped in the cylinder than the static volume would suggest ( This " corrected " compression ratio is commonly called the " dynamic compression ratio ".

The desired closed loop dynamics is obtained by adjusting the three parameters, and, often iteratively by " tuning " and without specific knowledge of a plant model.

On modern band and orchestral drums, the drumhead is placed over the opening of the drum, which in turn is held onto the shell by a " counterhoop " ( or " rim "), which is then held by means of a number of tuning screws called " tension rods " which screw into lugs placed evenly around the circumference.

Though it typically may be expected that operational requirements are automatically met by a DBMS, in fact it is not so in most of the cases: To be met substantial work of design and tuning is typically needed by database administrators.

A small amount of additional tuning is available by ' entry save ' techniques, whereby underwater movements of the upper body and arms against the viscosity of the water affect the position of the legs.

The double bass, also called the string bass, upright bass, bass fiddle, bass violin, doghouse bass, contrabass, bass viol, stand-up bass or bull fiddle, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2 and G2 ( see standard tuning ).

The standard tuning ( low to high ) is E-A-D-G, starting from E below second low C ( concert pitch ).

This is the same as the standard tuning of a bass guitar and is one octave lower than the four lowest-pitched strings of standard guitar tuning.

This tuning was used by the jazz player Red Mitchell and is increasingly used by classical players, notably the Canadian bassist Joel Quarrington.

Another school of thought has it that the tuning was invented by Sychra to adapt a folk harp tuning for guitar, and facilitate the playing of harp-like arpeggios.

Its tuning also differed from the kora as it had 25 strings that were tuned symmetrically using a variation of the Hugh Tracey kalimba tuning system as a basis that he thought would be more open to western musicians.

The opening theme, played pianissimo over string tremolos, so much resembles the sound of an orchestra tuning, many commentators have suggested that was Beethoven's inspiration.

These instruments have three double courses similar to the stringing of the mandolin and often use a " guitar " tuning.

While tuning mechanisms generally differ from the higher-pitched orchestral stringed instruments, some basses have non-functional, ornamental tuning pegs projecting from the side of the pegbox, in imitation of the tuning pegs on a cello or violin.

Acoustic bass guitars have steel strings or gut strings and often the same tuning as an electric bass guitar.

The deep pitch warrants the wide-spaced chords that the banjo tuning permits, and the close tuned tenor does not have the same full, clear sound.

However, some guitars ( such as Steinbergers ) do not have headstocks at all, in which case the tuning machines are located elsewhere, either on the body or the bridge.

In each regular tuning, all string successions have the same interval.

Three strings on the pedal harp have no pedal tuning mechanism: the two lowest strings ( contrabass C and D ) and the highest string ( G ).

Hammered dulcimers of non-European descent may have other tuning patterns, and builders of European-style dulcimers sometimes experiment with alternate tuning patterns.

Some instruments may have tuning pins ( like a piano ) installed, to make tuning easier.

Some kora players such as Seckou Keita have double necked koras, allowing them to switch from one tuning to another within seconds, giving them increased flexibility.

Hence, high input dimensionality typically requires tuning the classifier to have low variance and high bias.

A number of keyboard musical instruments using constructions similar to tuning forks have been made, the most popular of them being the Rhodes piano, which has hammers hitting constructions working on the same principle as tuning forks and uses electric amplification of the generated sound.

This tuning is exactly one fifth below the violin, so that they have three strings in common — G, D, and A — and is one octave above the cello.

Although it is possible for a washtub bass to have four or more strings and tuning pegs, traditional washtub basses have a single string whose pitch is adjusted by pushing or pulling on a staff or stick to change the tension.

Since the pitch of each note is largely affected by the temperature of the steam, accurate tuning is nearly impossible ; however, the off-pitch notes ( particularly in the upper register ) have become somewhat of a trademark of the steam calliope.

Pitch pipes are reed whistles used to help in tuning musical instruments and have been common since the 1850s.

It is useful because it gives us an idea of the melodic qualities of the tuning, and because if R is a rational number N / D, so is ( 3R + 1 )/( 5R + 2 ) or ( 3N + D )/( 5N + 2D ), which is the size of fifth in terms of logarithms base 2, and which immediately tells us what division of the octave we will have.

: There are many implementations available ( e. g. OmniORB ( Open source C ++ and Python implementation )) that have many options for tuning the threading and connection management features.

Direct tracings of the vibrations of sound-producing objects such as tuning forks had been made by English physician Thomas Young in 1807, but the first known device for recording airborne speech, music and other sounds is the phonautograph, patented in 1857 by French typesetter and inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville.

* A piezoelectric " tuning fork " has been constructed, which can be placed into a superposition of vibrating and non vibrating states.

While QuadraJets have been occasionally derided as being poor performers, with proper understanding and tuning it can compete at most levels with other designs short of the full race inspired set-ups such as the Holley Double-Pumpers, which incorporated accelerator pumps on the primary and secondary carburetor circuits.

* A piezoelectric " tuning fork " has been constructed, which can be placed into a superposition of vibrating and non vibrating states.

The rebuttal attacked by Hacking consists of accepting the first premise, but rejecting the second on the grounds that our ( big bang ) universe is just one in a long sequence of universes, and that the fine tuning merely shows that there have been many other ( poorly tuned ) universes preceding this one.

Its tuning stability comes through the double-locking design that has been widely regarded as revolutionary ; the design has been listed on Guitar Worlds " 10 Most Earth Shaking Guitar Innovations " and Guitar Players " 101 Greatest Moments in Guitar History 1979 – 1983 ".

A common opinion of the car is that in stock form it is somewhat underpowered, and a variety of solutions have been implemented, from complete engine swaps ( either to a larger PRV engine, or to completely different engines such as the Cadillac Northstar engine ), turbocharger kits ( single or twin-turbo ), down to simpler solutions such as improved exhausts and other normal engine tuning work.

Capos can also be used to allow a guitar which has been tuned one or more semitones lower than standard tuning to play as if it were in standard tuning without retuning the instrument.

The open E or open D tuning of the rhythm guitar on the studio recording has also not been replicated in concert ( with the possible exception of the 1968 NME awards show, no recording of which has ever surfaced ).

Special lightweight nonmagnetic ( aka diamagnetic ) tools made of beryllium alloy have been used for tuning U. S. Air Force klystrons.

A 79-tone tuning for the kanun was recently proposed and applied to a Turkish kanun by Ozan Yarman and has been acclaimed by Turkish masters of the instrument.

The tuning pegs are odd ( 5 Sperzel pegs and one Gotoh ), and all of these have been found to be replacements.

It has been found that ' longer wires ' increase instrument power, harmonicity, reverberation and aid in producing a well-tempered tuning scale.

Various systems of musical tuning have also been used to determine the relative frequency of notes in a scale.

Most applications of agraffes have been located at the near end of the strings, close to the tuning pins.

While various tunings are ( and have been ) used, the standard tuning for the gadulka is A-E-A for the three playing strings ; the sympathetics ( resonating strings ) are tuned chromatically to cover all notes besides A and E ( depending on the number of sympathetics ).

The company has been in business more than 29 years and is directing new design effort toward specialized markets such as military and emergency medical applications in addition to fine tuning their core concepts and evolving the multitool.

A 1 / 9-schisma tuning has also been proposed by Eduardo Sabat-Garibaldi, who together with his students uses a 53-tone to the octave guitar with this tuning.

The concept of pure tuning in all keys had been Groven's dream from childhood.