While most of his proposals-" to abandon the gold standard, let international exchange rates float, use federal surpluses and deficits as macroeconomic policy tools that could counter cyclical trends, and establish bureaus of economic statistics ( including a consumer price index ) in order to facilitate this effort "-are now conventional practice, his critique of fractional-reserve banking still " remains outside the bounds of conventional wisdom ".

Subsequent ' numerologists ' including Lynn Buess ( 1978 ), Mark Gruner ( 1979 ), Kathleen Roquemore ( 1985 ), and Florence Campbell ( 1983 ), expanded on the use of numerology for assessing major aspects of personality and cyclical patterns in life.

This reuse is an excellent example of knowledge retention and the cyclical process of knowledge transfer and use of data and records.

As part of this he uses an example of cyclical structure in music, which was an idea drawn from Beethoven's use of similar rhythmic structures or shapes in his Fifth Symphony, and the idea of musical " cycles ", such as a " song cycle ".

Others employ land clearing without any burning, and some cultivators are purely migratory and do not use any cyclical method on a given plot.

The 4th-century AD Latin commentator Servius was aware of the Egyptian use of the symbol, noting that the image of a snake biting its tail represents the cyclical nature of the year.

In its first seven years the CEA made five technical advances in policy making, including the replacement of a " cyclical model " of the economy by a " growth model ," the setting of quantitative targets for the economy, use of the theories of fiscal drag and full-employment budget, recognition of the need for greater flexibility in taxation, and replacement of the notion of unemployment as a structural problem by a realization of a low aggregate demand.

The use of media that results in ethnic violence is usually a cyclical relationship ; one group increases messages of group cohesion in response to a perceived threat, and a neighboring group responds with messages of their own group cohesion.

The carillon is in regular use, chiming every quarter hour and playing a short tune on the hour along with tours and recitals on many days.

The standard tuning for an acoustic guitar is E-A-D-G-B-E ( low to high ), although many players, particularly fingerpickers, use alternate tunings ( scordatura ), such as " open G " ( D-G-D-G-B-D ), " open D " ( D-A-D-F-A-D ), or " drop D " ( D-A-D-G-B-E ).

Although they are generally classified as a cappella metal, the band also includes a drummer, and use amplifiers on some songs to distort the voice to sound more like a real guitar.

These instruments have three double courses similar to the stringing of the mandolin and often use a " guitar " tuning.

The guitar is usually played with much use of fast ( un-muted ) tremolo picking.

Specific examples are speech compression and transmission in digital mobile phones, room correction of sound in hi-fi and sound reinforcement applications, weather forecasting, economic forecasting, seismic data processing, analysis and control of industrial processes, medical imaging such as CAT scans and MRI, MP3 compression, computer graphics, image manipulation, hi-fi loudspeaker crossovers and equalization, and audio effects for use with electric guitar amplifiers.

Other examples of chamber works that use the double bass in mixed ensembles include Serge Prokofiev's Quintet in G minor, Op. 39 for oboe, clarinet, violin, viola, and double bass ; Erwin Schulhoff's Concertino for flute / piccolo, viola, and double bass ; Fred Lerdahl's Waltzes for violin, viola, cello, and double bass ; Mohammed Fairouz's Litany for double bass and wind quartet ; Mario Davidovsky's Festino for guitar, viola, cello, and double bass ; and Iannis Xenakis's Morsima-Amorsima for piano, violin, cello, and double bass.

In the 1960s Ringo Starr used a sizzle cymbal as a second ride particularly for use during guitar solos.

The origins, use and technique of the flamenco guitar are fully covered in the main Wikipedia entry for flamenco guitar.

Before the development of the electric guitar and the use of synthetic materials, a guitar was defined as being an instrument having " a long, fretted neck, flat wooden soundboard, ribs, and a flat back, most often with incurved sides ".

Two medieval instruments that were called " guitars " were in use by 1200: the ( Moorish guitar ) and the ( Latin guitar ).

In Colombia, the traditional quartet includes a range of instruments too, from the small bandola ( sometimes known as the Deleuze-Guattari, for use when traveling or in confined rooms or spaces ), to the slightly larger tiple, to the full sized classical guitar.

The first electric guitarist of note to use a seven-string guitar was jazz guitarist George Van Eps, who was a pioneer of this instrument.

This is usually a piece of laminated plastic or other material that protects the finish of the top of the guitar from damage due to the use of a plectrum or fingernails.

Vigorous performance styles such as flamenco, which can involve the use of the guitar as a percussion instrument, call for a scratchplate, or pickguard to be fitted to nylon-string instruments.

" The latter two terms led stompbox manufacturers to use the term whammy in coming up with a pitch raising effect introduced by popular guitar effects pedal brand Digitech.

Harmonica players who play the instrument while performing on another instrument with their hands ( e. g., an acoustic guitar ) often use an accessory called a " neck rack " or holder to position the instrument in front of their mouth.

The music played by African Americans increasingly began to use electric amplification for the guitar, harp, double bass, and a crude PA system for the vocals.

A young harmonicist named Marion " Little Walter " Jacobs revolutionized the instrument by playing the harmonica with a microphone ( typically a " Bullet " microphone marketed for use by radio taxi dispatchers cupped in his hands with the harmonica, giving it a " punchy " mid-range sound that can be heard above radio static, or an electric guitar ).

His love of rock music led Marrow to use electric guitar in the instrumentation of his hip hop albums in order to provide his songs with edge and power, and to make his raps harder ; he used the fusion of rock and hip hop of Rick Rubin-produced acts like Beastie Boys, Run-DMC and LL Cool J, which featured rock samples in their songs.

Along with the Stratocaster, the Marshall stack and amplifiers were crucial in shaping his heavily overdriven sound, enabling him to master the use of feedback as a musical effect, and he created a " definitive vocabulary for rock guitar ".

When jazz guitar players improvise, they may use the scales, modes, and arpeggios associated with the chords in a tune's chord progression.

The original acoustic archtop guitars were designed to enhance volume: for that reason they were constructed for use with relatively heavy guitar strings.

Part of this reputation depends on the bands use of distorted guitar riffs on songs like " Whole Lotta Love " and " The Wanton Song ".

Josh Brigham, one of the guitarists and the only founding member remaining during the recording of the album, has said: " Our music has always been spacey and heavy, and we use those roots, combined with our love of grunge-era Smashing Pumpkins, Dinosaur Jr., HUM, and Pixies, we add some bigger, heavier riffs.

Atari Teenage Riot's sound was characterised by the use of breakbeats ( again sampled from funk and rap, but replayed at more than twice their original speeds ), heavy guitar riffs, and the shouting of politically driven lyrics and slogans by the band members ( as well as sampled dialogue ).

They produced and co-wrote " There Goes My Baby ", a hit for The Drifters in 1959, which introduced the use of strings for saxophone-like riffs, a tympani for the Brazilian baion rhythm they incorporated, and lavish production values into the established black R & B sound, laying the groundwork for the soul music that would follow.

Bebop " polarized listers, critics and musicians alike " because it differed from swing in many important ways, including a lack of typical riffs and danceable beats, the use of melodic progression and the chords as the basis for all soloing and improvising.

Their first two albums, Foxbase Alpha and So Tough feature sounds chiefly associated with house music, such as standard TR-909 drum patterns and Italo house piano riffs mixed with original sounds, notable by the use of found dialogue, sampled from 1960s British realist cinema.

Basslines in popular music often use " riffs " or " grooves ", which are usually simple, appealing musical motifs or phrases that are repeated, with variation, throughout the song.

To create lead guitar lines, guitarists use scales, modes, arpeggios, licks, and riffs that are performed using a variety of techniques.

The sound on Bill is characterized by the heavy use of vocal effects and unconventional riffs, both of which lend to a neo-psychedelic sound.

It is largely known for its heavy, grinding riffs and association with the use of illicit substances, particularly marijuana, peyote, and magic mushrooms.

Lemay, the primary songwriter on the album, experimented more with the use of sounds, rather than notes, in riffs, such as the opening riff of the album, on the song " Inverted " which uses a combination of pick-slides, pick tapping and traditional picking.

This sound was created by the use of synthesizers, catchy guitar riffs and simple, ambiguous lyrics.

The technique's use in death metal is notable in that pinch harmonic notes are included in riffs, rather than being reserved for solos.

Therefore, when I play, I don't use any specific scales or anything in order or that's musically correct or anything ... I ’ ve always concentrated on mixing lead-oriented riffs, but in like a rhythmic sense.

Chu has occasionally performed spoken-word on-stage at the 12 Galaxies — his performances have a similar theme to his signs, with riffs off of the twelve galaxies theme and the seemingly abstract use of syllable combinations for poetic effect ; to this he adds the use of a percussive " ah " syllable at irregular intervals between words, superficially similar to the " uh " speech disfluency or discourse marker seen in ordinary conversation but with a more constant tone and duration and a less conversationally natural placement.

The band has been referred to as hard rock and screamo due to their harder guitar riffs and occasional use of unclean vocals.

It is defined by an " excessive " use of death metal riffs, blast beats and use of hardcore punk breakdowns.

Pandora Radio describes the song as featuring house and nu-disco influences, dancable grooves, acoustic guitar riffs, a prominent use of synthesizers and other vocal harmonies.