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Though the courts originally adopted the British Hicklin test, an American test was finally set down in Roth v. United States, in which it was determined that obscenity was material whose " dominant theme taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest " to the " average person, applying contemporary community standards ," and was, " utterly without redeeming social importance.
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Though and courts
Though these courts have discretion to deny cases they otherwise could adjudicate, no court has the discretion to hear a case that falls outside of its subject-matter jurisdiction.
Though he had to face strong pressure on the part of the ambassadors of the Bourbon courts Clement XIII always refused to yield to their demands to have the Society of Jesus suppressed.
Though the Napoleonic code was among the first government acts of modern times to introduce the notion of absolute ownership into statute, protection of personal property rights was present in medieval Islamic law and jurisprudence, and in more feudalist forms in the common law courts of medieval and early modern England.
Though the sovereign remains the fount of justice, he or she cannot unilaterally establish new courts or act as a judge.
Though this may be necessary, the courts would prefer parties come to an agreement prior to entering court.
Though the monarch does not personally rule in judicial cases, this function of the Royal Prerogative instead performed in trust and in the Queen's name by officers of Her Majesty's court, common law holds the notion that the sovereign " can do no wrong "; the monarch cannot be prosecuted in her own courts, judged by herself, for criminal offences.
Though Congress may theoretically extend the federal courts ' subject matter jurisdiction to the outer limits described in Article III of the Constitution, it has always chosen to give the courts a somewhat narrower power.
Though lawyers argued that the House could intervene only after the lower courts had failed to remedy the case, the Lords decided in Skinner's favour in 1668.
Though in the early 1990s, the then Chief Justice suggested building a new purpose-built building to house the Supreme Court, leaving the other courts in situ, the Supreme Court remains in the Four Courts.
Though successful on all surfaces, it was on clay courts where Evert was most dominant.
Though justice courts constitutionally are part of the New York State Unified Court System, state law generally makes justice courts independent of New York's Office of Court Administration ( OCA ) and instead makes Justice Courts the responsibility of their sponsoring localities.
Though the Federal Administrative Court of Germany has adjudged the expropriations political repression, the German courts have upheld the land reforms and rebuffed all claims for compensation, according to a — disputed — Soviet Aide-mémoire during the negotiations of the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany ( Two Plus Four Agreement ).
Though most of the college's buildings are modern, the design of the campus is similar to that of the university's older colleges, with buildings grouped around two main courts.
Though Philippa was seen in her time as the perfect symbol of queenly piety, and made public comments saying that “ it would be regarded as an indecent thing for a wife to interfere in her husband ’ s affairs ”, she actually wielded quite a bit of influence in both the Portuguese and English courts and was “ actively involved in world affairs ”.
Though this type of thing was common in German courts, it was considered vulgar in England, where in reaction a London mob drove a hearse into the Palace courtyard.
Though a liberal, he argued for judicial restraint in interpreting the Constitution, and regarded the advancement of civil liberties as a task for the legislature, not the courts.
Though the Act did not specifically recognize the Courts of Indian Offenses, 1934 is widely considered to be the year when tribal authority, rather than United States authority, gave the tribal courts legitimacy.
Though the public opposed conscription in general, impressment was repeatedly upheld by the courts, as it was deemed vital to the strength of the navy and, by extension, to the survival of the realm.
Though defeated by the British in 1757, they continued as puppet rulers of Bengal till 1880 ; their courts, manners and cuisine maintained by doles from the English.
Though he praised Sir Hugh in his public despatch he attacked him in private, and the Whig press, with the unquestionable aid of Keppel's friends, began a campaign of calumny to which the ministerial papers answered in the same style, each side accusing the other of deliberate treason: The result was a scandalous series of scenes in parliament and of courts martial.
Though the Act places the determination of sovereign immunity fully in the hands of the judiciary, many courts have expressed reluctance to find that a defendant is a sovereign if the " state " in question is one that the U. S. government has not officially recognized, even if the defendant may arguably satisfy the definition of statehood under international law.
Though its name suggests that it is a procedural evidence rule, the consensus of courts and commentators is that the parol evidence rule constitutes substantive contract law.
Though and originally
Though the word atom originally denoted a particle that cannot be cut into smaller particles, in modern scientific usage the atom is composed of various subatomic particles.
Though Hitler was originally against the idea ( but later convinced ), Drexler changed the name of the party to the National Socialist German Workers ' Party ( Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP ) early in 1920.
Though he originally just contributed gag ideas to some duck cartoons by 1937 Barks was ( principally with partner Jack Hannah ) originating story ideas that were storyboarded and ( if approved by Walt ) put into production.
#* Second Council of Ephesus ( 449 ) declared Eutyches orthodox and attacked his opponents. Though originally convened as an ecumenical council, this council is not recognized as ecumenical and denounced as a Robber Council by the Chalcedonians ( Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Protestants ).
Though it was initially envisaged that these cellular automata would run on special computers, such as MIT's " Cellular Automata Machine-8 " ( CAM-8 ), by 1996 it was realised that the model originally proposed, which required cellular automata with thousands of states, was too complex to be realised in hardware.
Though these pedigrees were originally transmitted via an oral tradition, written pedigrees of Arabian horses can be found that date to the 14th century.
Though originally from Massachusetts, Charles Adams also fought for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, earning the rank of brigadier-general.
Though his family originally lived in Hamburg, Jacob and his brother were both born in Spain.
Though they originally intended to create a home network device, it was redesigned as a device that records digitized video onto a hard disk.
Though John Wesley originally wanted the Methodists to stay within the Church of England, the American Revolution decisively separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church.
Though originally transmission of HIV was a public health concern, practical considerations and studies of epidemiological patterns suggest that any transmission of the HIV virus by mosquitoes is in practice extremely unlikely at worst.
Though originally state entities, the Constitutional " Militia of the Several States " were not entirely independent, however, because they could be federalized.
Though originally an ISO standard, the IETF republished the protocol as an Internet Standard in RFC 1142.
Though he originally rode at Stratton Mountain, Vermont, his home mountain is now Okemo, VT. Ross helps with the design of the Superpipe and also helped design the RossCross Family Terrain Park.
Though originally rejected by Walt Disney because of its religious tone, the film was supported by Roy Disney, and was distributed by Buena Vista, making it one of the few religious films ever associated with the Disney Company.
Though bedding and lamination are often originally horizontal in nature, this is not always the case.
Though his intentions ( to protect the Wetchik's funds, as per his job ) are originally good, he is overwhelmed by his own power after first becoming the Wetchik himself and then taking over Gaballufix's position.
Though the song was originally written by a citizen of Strasbourg, Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in 1792, and it was originally a war song for the revolutionary Army of the Rhine, it became famous when it sung on the streets of Paris by the volunteers from Marseille, who had heard it when it was sung in Marseille by a young volunteer from Montpellier named François Mireur.
Though it bears little resemblance to its namesake in Venice, the bridge connecting Third Court to New Court, originally known as New Bridge, is now commonly known as the Bridge of Sighs.
Though originally Melanesian, many island populations, especially in the Banda Islands, were killed off in the 17th century during the Spice wars.
Though less commonly it was originally also used to indicate a riddle either in verse or prose, of which the listener must guess the meaning, often given syllable by syllable — see riddle.
Though not explicitly mentioned in Leiber's letter, the originally Italian film genre known as " sword and sandal ", depicting heroic adventures in settings derived from the Bible or greek mythology, was at the peak of its popularity in the US at the time when the letter was written.
Though Kennedy may have intended this to remain a more nominal position, Taylor Branch in Pillar of Fire contends that Johnson served to push the Kennedy administration's actions for civil rights further and faster than Kennedy originally intended to go.
Though originally ruled by the Kingdom of Dahomey, in 1851 the French made a treaty with the Dahomean King Ghezo that allowed them to establish a trading post at Cotonou.
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