Throughout much of the academic world, the term " doctor " refers to an individual who has earned a degree of Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph. D. ( an abbreviation for the Latin Philosophiæ Doctor ; or alternatively Doctor philosophiæ, D. Phil., meaning Teacher of Philosophy ), or other research doctorate such as the Doctor of Science, or Sc. D.

Throughout his life, he was offered many positions of honor and profit throughout the academic world but declined them all, preferring the uncertain but sufficient rewards of independent literary activity.

Throughout his academic career Singer has written frequently in the mainstream press, including the The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Wall Street Journal, often striking up positions that go against mainstream thinking.

Throughout his career, Neusner has established publication programs and series with various academic publishers.

Throughout Jamison's career she has won numerous awards and published over one hundred academic articles.

Throughout the 1800s, the university ’ s academic disciplines became more specialised.

Throughout history, women have been thought of as being subordinate to men, often being ignored in areas like the academic arena or belittled altogether.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, she appeared in many television films including a memorable Duchess of York in the BBC Television Shakespeare production of Richard II ( 1978 ), the irascible Edwardian Oxford academic in Miss Morrison's Ghosts ( 1981 ) and the BBC dramatizations of Julian Gloag's Only Yesterday ( 1986 ) and the Vita Sackville-West novel All Passion Spent ( 1986 ), in which she was the quietly defiant Lady Slane.

Throughout his academic and governmental career, Toledo worked as a consultant for various international organizations, including the United Nations, the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the International Labor Organization ( ILO ), and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ).

Throughout his life, he studied Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sufism in addition to his academic and monastic studies.

Throughout his academic career, Gold received a number of honors and distinctions.

Throughout its more recent history, St Andrews has maintained strong links with leading academic institutions in the United Kingdom including the Oxbridge and also the top research schools from United States and Canada, including McGill, Harvard, MIT and Princeton to name a few.

Throughout the 1800s, the university ’ s academic disciplines became more specialised.

Throughout the 1800s, the university ’ s academic disciplines became more specialised.

Throughout the 1730s and 1740s Philip Doddridge continued his academic and pastoral work, and developed close relations with numerous early religious revivalists and independents, through extensive visits and correspondence.

Throughout the academic year there are many house events, revolving around the arts, sports or academic subjects.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, a mysterious man known in the media as the " Unabomber " sent mail bombs to figures in the academic and airline industries for various reasons.

Throughout history, soldiers, military theorists, political leaders, philosophers, academic scholars, practitioners of international law and human rights advocacy groups have sought to determine fundamental rules for the conduct of warfare.

Throughout much of history, the diffusion of knowledge via handwritten lecture notes was an essential element of academic life.

Throughout its history the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland has, while only maintaining a very modestly sized membership, always contained a great deal of very distinguished individuals, from both the academic and political world.

Throughout the 20th century a small number of researchers, principally academics with access to some of the sources, continued exploring the field of historical European martial arts from a largely academic perspective.

Throughout his academic career he had a uniformly excellent record, which culminated earning first position in the B. A E ( Hons ) examination of the Punjab University in 1961.

Throughout the academic year students and staff have the opportunity to gather for prayer before school commences, to participate in the celebration of the Eucharist and to pause for prayer and reflection before classes.

Throughout the years, however, the Conservatory has become a musical landmark in the Caribbean, providing advanced academic studies in various music areas to local students as well as international visitors.

Throughout his career, Alaric's primary goal was not to undermine the Empire, but to secure for himself a regular and recognized position within the Empire's borders.

Throughout his later career, he made use of his close connection to Thomson and Scott as he established businesses that supplied rails and bridges to the railroad, offering the two men a stake in his enterprises.

Throughout most of his career, Athanasius had many detractors.

Throughout his career, he went on to write many other songs primarily for children to achieve an iconic acceptance among Turkish children of 1980s and 1990s.

Throughout her career, Love's wild stage antics and subversive feminist attitude have polarized audiences and critics, with Rolling Stone once calling her " the most controversial woman in the history of rock.

Throughout Cyril ’ s career charges of Arianism were leveled against him.

Throughout her professional career, Flockhart has maintained her naturally lean figure.

Throughout the 1980s and ' 90s, Young promised fans a follow-up to the original Decade collection, provisionally titled Decade II ; eventually, this idea was scrapped in favor of a much more comprehensive anthology to be titled Archives, spanning his entire career and ranging in size from a box set to an entire series of audio and / or video releases.

Throughout his career, he railed against the " November criminals " of 1918, who had stabbed the German Army in the back.

Throughout his career, he has sold an estimated 140 million albums.

Throughout his career he has sold an estimated 140 million albums.

Throughout his career Bagley argued against the conservative position that teachers were not in need of special training for their work.

Throughout her career, she retained artistic control over her troupe, which sometimes numbered 60.

Throughout his career he introduced a number of memorable songs in films, including " Hooray for Captain Spaulding " and " Hello, I Must Be Going ", in Animal Crackers, " Whatever It Is, I'm Against It ", " Everyone Says I Love You " and " Lydia the Tattooed Lady ".

Throughout his career, Verdi rarely utilized the high C in his tenor arias, citing the fact that the opportunity to sing that particular note in front of an audience distracts the performer before and after the note appears.

Throughout her career, Eliot wrote with a politically astute pen.

Throughout much of his congressional career, he fought it, evaded it, and tried to repeal it.

Throughout his career Basquiat focused on " suggestive dichotomies ," such as wealth versus poverty, integration versus segregation, and inner versus outer experience.

Throughout his career, Lewis has supported fundraising for research into muscular dystrophy.

Throughout his lengthy artistic career, Lawrence concentrated on depicting the history and struggles of African Americans.

Throughout his career Lönnrot made a total of eleven field trips within a period of fifteen years.

Throughout his career Loach's films have been shelved for political reasons.