In connection with the campaign against Amphipolis, Thucydides mentions that several settlements on the promontory of Actē were home to:

Theramenes also appears in several ancient narrative histories: Thucydides ' account includes the beginnings of Theramenes ' career, and Xenophon, picking up where Thucydides left off, gives a detailed account of several episodes from Theramenes career ; Diodorus Siculus, probably drawing his account from Ephorus at most points, provides another account that varies widely from Xenophon's at several points.

In addition to several school editions of portions of Cicero, Thucydides, Xenophon and Plutarch, he published an expurgated text of Aristophanes with a useful onomasticon ( re-issued separately, 1902 ) and larger editions of Cicero's De officiis ( revised ed., 1898 ) and of the Octavius of Minucius Felix ( 1853 ).

Although examples of decolonization can be found as early as the writings of Thucydides, there have been several particularly active periods of decolonization in modern times.

In several passages ( 1. 14. 3, 2. 75-76, 7. 36. 2-3 ), Thucydides describes in detail various innovations in the conduct of siegeworks or naval warfare.

Attic Orators, Plato, Xenophon and Aristotle wrote in Attic proper, Thucydides in Old Attic, the dramatists in an artificial poetic language while the Attic Comedy contains several vernacular elements.

Many illustrious Athenians, including Cimon, Miltiades, Alcibiades and the historian Thucydides, traced their descent from Ajax.

According to Thucydides, the Spartans acted in this way out of fear that the Athenians would switch sides and support the helots ; the offended Athenians repudiated their alliance with Sparta.

That most Achean heroes did not return to their homes and founded colonies elsewhere was interpreted by Thucydides as being due to their long absence.

Brasidas, aware of Thucydides ' presence on Thasos and his influence with the people of Amphipolis, and afraid of help arriving by sea, acted quickly to offer moderate terms to the Amphipolitans for their surrender, which they accepted.

Lucian refers to Thucydides as having given Greek historians their law, requiring them to say what had been done ().

Due to the loss of the ability to read Greek, Thucydides and Herodotus were largely forgotten during the Middle Ages in Western Europe, although their influence continued in the Byzantine world.

Another author, Thomas Geoghegan, whose speciality is labour rights, comes down on the side of Herodotus when it comes to drawing lessons relevant to Americans, who, he notes, tend to be rather isolationist in their habits ( if not in their political theorizing ): " We should also spend more funds to get our young people out of the library where they're reading Thucydides and get them to start living like Herodotus — going out and seeing the world.

Thucydides wrote: Suppose the city of Sparta to be deserted, and nothing left but the temples and the ground-plan, distant ages would be very unwilling to believe that the power of the Lacedaemonians was at all equal to their fame.

Thucydides reports that when a Spartan man went to war, his wife ( or another woman of some significance ) would customarily present him with his shield and say: " With this, or upon this " ( Ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς, Èi tàn èi èpì tàs ), meaning that true Spartans could only return to Sparta either victorious ( with their shield in hand ) or dead ( carried upon it ).

The Greeks identified them as descendants of the Trojans ; Thucydides claimed that their ancestors had been refugees from Troy.

Thucydides, our main source ( Book II. 1-6 ) for the events of these few hours, in which Thebes and its Boeotian allies, lost about 12 % of their total army, regards the preemptive strike against Plataea as the beginning of the Peloponnesian War, which would go on for another 27 years.

Catching the guards by surprise, 212 men managed to evade capture, yet Thucydides writes, " it was mainly the violence of the storm that enabled them to effect their escape at all.

According to Plutarch and Thucydides ( 1. 126 ), they were persuaded by the archons to leave the temple and stand trial after being assured that their lives would be spared.

According to Thucydides, Hippias ordered the Greeks to lay down their ceremonial arms and then had them searched, arresting any found with concealed weapons.

Thucydides writes that the two sides held a meeting where they presented their arguments for and against the invasion.

Instead it seems likely that, as with the speeches, Thucydides is looser than previously thought in inferring the thoughts, feelings, and motives of principal characters in his History from their actions, as well as his own sense of what would be appropriate or likely in such a situation.

In order to capture the city before Thucydides arrived, Brasidas offered to let everyone who wished to stay keep their property, and offered safe passage to those who wanted to leave.

Both sides fought with hoplites on their ships, along with archers and javelin-throwers, in a manner Thucydides calls " old-fashioned.

According to the Ancient Greek historian Thucydides, the Athenian citizens at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War ( 5th century BC ) numbered 40, 000, making with their families a total of 140, 000 people in all.

The principal historical sources covering the two are Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War ( VI, 56-59 ) and The Constitution of the Athenians ( XVIII ) attributed to Aristotle or his school, but their story is documented by a great many other ancient writers, such as Herodotus and Plutarch.

Most of these lands were previously inhabited by Thracian tribes, and Thucydides records how the Thracians were pushed to the mountains when the Macedonians acquired their lands.

The foundation of Himera is placed subsequent to that of Mylae ( as, from their relative positions, might naturally have been expected ) both by Strabo and Scymnus Chius: its date is not mentioned by Thucydides, but Diodorus tells us that it had existed 240 years at the time of its destruction by the Carthaginians, which would fix its first settlement in 648 BCE.

In his work, History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides wrote about a single long conflict that lasted 27 years between Athens and Sparta with its origins and results.

But, as it was mainly within living memory and Thucydides himself was alive throughout the conflict and a participant in many of the events, there was less room for myths and tall tales.

That Thucydides was clearly moved by the suffering inherent in war and concerned about the excesses to which human nature is prone in such circumstances is evident in his analysis of the atrocities committed during civil conflict on Corcyra, which includes the phrase " War is a violent teacher ".

After the Battle of Salamis-in-Cyprus, Thucydides makes no further mention of conflict with the Persians, simply saying that the Greeks returned home.

Despite being an Athenian and a participant in the conflict, Thucydides is often regarded as having written a generally unbiased account of the conflict with respect to the sides involved in it.

Because of the layered structure of the manuscript, he concludes that Thucydides actually lived in medieval times and in describing the Peloponnesian War between the Spartans and Athenians he was actually describing the conflict between the medieval Navarrans and Catalans in Spain from AD 1374 to 1387.

In fact, there is no trace of this, neither in Thucydides nor in Xenophon both of whom give an account of the history of that conflict ( in History of the Peloponnesian War and in Hellenica respectively ).

Many changes that were subsequent with ancient historians, despite following in his footsteps, criticised Herodotus, starting with Thucydides.

* Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by Rex Warner ; with an introduction and notes my M. I.

Thucydides, who had been trained in rhetoric, became the model for subsequent prose-writers as an author who seeks to appear firmly in control of his material, whereas Herodotus with his frequent digressions appeared to minimize ( or possibly disguise ) his auctorial control.

Moreover, Thucydides developed a historical topic more in keeping with the Greek lifestyle-the polis or city-state-whereas the interplay of civilizations was more relevant to Asiatic Greeks ( such as Herodotus himself ), for whom life under foreign rule was a recent memory.

Herodotus's recitation at Olympia was a favourite theme among ancient writers and there is another interesting variation on the story to be found in the Suda, Photius and Tzetzes, in which a young Thucydides happened to be in the assembly with his father and burst into tears during the recital, whereupon Herodotus observed prophetically to the boy's father: " Thy son's soul yearns for knowledge.

Professor of classics at Auckland University, E. M. Blaiklock, wrote: " For accuracy of detail, and for evocation of atmosphere, Luke stands, in fact, with Thucydides.

These sanctions, known as the Megarian decree, were largely ignored by Thucydides, but some modern economic historians have noted that forbidding Megara to trade with the prosperous Athenian empire would have been disastrous for the Megarans, and have accordingly considered the decree to be a contributing factor in bringing about the war.

Thucydides was dispatched with a force which arrived too late to stop Brasidas capturing Amphipolis ; Thucydides was exiled for this, and, as a result, had the conversations with both sides of the war which inspired him to record its history.

Herodotus wrote that Thucydides ' father's name, Όloros, was connected with Thrace and Thracian royalty.

Another Thucydides lived before the historian and was also linked with Thrace, making a family connection between them very likely as well.

Finally, Herodotus confirms the connection of Thucydides ' family with the mines at Scapté Hýlē.

Inferences about Thucydides ' character can only be drawn ( with due caution ) from his book.

Thucydides then remarks that should another Dorian War come, this time attended with a great dearth, the rhyme will be remembered as " dearth ," and any mention of " death " forgotten.

Cleon has sometimes been connected with Thucydides ' exile.

Finally, the question has recently been raised as to whether Thucydides was not greatly, if not fundamentally, concerned with the matter of religion.

Bury, however, have noted parallels between them: If, instead of a history, Thucydides had written an analytical treatise on politics, with particular reference to the Athenian empire, it is probable that.

To be an admirer of Thucydides ' History, with its deep cynicism about political, rhetorical and ideological hypocrisy, with its all too recognizable protagonists — a liberal yet imperialistic democracy and an authoritarian oligarchy, engaged in a war of attrition fought by proxy at the remote fringes of empire — was to advertise yourself as a hardheaded connoisseur of global Realpolitik.