In traditional Tibetan astronomy and astrology, Canopus is named Karma Rishi ས ྐ ར ་ མ ་ ར ི་ ཥ ི།

Karmay suggests that " river horse " ( klung rta ) was actually the original concept, as found in the Tibetan nag rtsis system of astrology imported from China.

His books, which include works on history, Tibetan medicine, astrology, Bön and folk traditions such as namkha, are evidence of his profound knowledge of Tibetan culture and his commitment to preserve this ancient cultural heritage.

The Tibetan tantra entitled the " All-Creating King " ( Kunjed Gyalpo Tantra ) also emphasizes how Buddhist realization lies beyond the range of discursive / verbal thought and is ultimately mysterious.

The Dalai Lama has since lived in exile in Dharamshala, in the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India, where the Central Tibetan Administration is also established.

The idea of a subterranean realm is also mentioned in the Vedic texts such as the Puranas, according to one story in the Puranas there is an ancient city called Shamballa which is located inside the earth, the belief in Shamballa as a city inside the earth is also found in Tibetan Buddhism.

In Mongolian ( Baga Holgon ) term for Hinayana also means " small " or " lesser " vehicle, while in Tibetan there are at least two words to designate the term, theg chung () meaning " small vehicle ", and theg dman () meaning " inferior vehicle " or " inferior spiritual approach ".

Ma Bufang also crushed Mongol separatist movements, abducting the Genghis Khan Shrine and attacking Tibetan Buddhist Temples like Labrang, and keeping a tight control over them through the Kokonur God ceremony.

Drafted by a treaty and a bill of sale, and constituted between 1820 and 1858, the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu ( as it was first called ) combined disparate regions, religions, and ethnicities: to the east, Ladakh was ethnically and culturally Tibetan and its inhabitants practised Buddhism ; to the south, Jammu had a mixed population of Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs ; in the heavily populated central Kashmir valley, the population was overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, however, there was also a small but influential Hindu minority, the Kashmiri brahmins or pandits ; to the northeast, sparsely populated Baltistan had a population ethnically related to Ladakh, but which practised Shi ' a Islam ; to the north, also sparsely populated, Gilgit Agency, was an area of diverse, mostly Shi ' a groups ; and, to the west, Punch was Muslim, but of different ethnicity than the Kashmir valley.

Tengri may have been synonymous with Tian in Chinese traditions as well as a possible fore-runner to pre-Buddhist Tibetan Bön, also having their tradition root from Siberia, once sect ranging from monotheism, again branches off into animism, causing an ill-defined complex systematized religion.

Presence and activity of Tibetan refugees in Nepal also raise sporadic diplomatic conflicts with the People's Republic of China.

According to a Tibetan legendary tradition, Songtsän Gampo also married a Nepalese Buddhist princess, Bhrikuti.

It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people.

The Himalayas, also Himalaya, ( or ; Sanskrit, hima ( snow ) + ālaya ( dwelling ), literally, " abode of the snow ") is a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

It primarily added extra letters to transcribe Tibetan and Sanskrit terms in religious texts, and later also from Chinese.

The Soyombo script is an abugida created by the Mongolian monk and scholar Bogdo Zanabazar in the late 17th century, that can also be used to write Tibetan and Sanskrit.

It was also largely based on the Tibetan alphabet, read left to right, and employed vowel diacritics above and below the consonant letters.

The names Lhomon Tsendenjong ( southern Mon sandalwood country ) and Lhomon Khashi ( southern Mon country of four approaches ), found in ancient Bhutanese and Tibetan chronicles, may also have credence and have been used by some Bhutanese scholars when referring to their homeland.

Another Tibetan invasion in 1647 also failed.

The Mingshi — the official history of the Ming Dynasty compiled later by the Qing Dynasty in 1739 — states that the Ming established itinerant commanderies overseeing Tibetan administration while also renewing titles of ex-Yuan Dynasty officials from Tibet and conferring new princely titles on leaders of Tibet's Buddhist sects.

In this way he was also a distant relative to Pierre Bernard's nephew, Theos Bernard, an American scholar of religion, explorer, and famous practitioner of Yoga and Tibetan Buddhism.

The initial prayer Ewoks address to C-3PO is actually the beginning part of Tibetan Buddhist prayer for the benefit of all sentient beings, or so called four immeasurables, but also there is a second ( out of four ) part of refuge prayer.

It is designed as a Tibetan style chorten, also called as the Jangchup Chorten, patterned on the design of a classical stupa, with a pyramidal pillar crowned by a crescent of Moon and Sun.

Traditionally, Bhutanese medicine has been influenced by traditional Tibetan medicine and also some aspects of Indian medicine, particularly the " Three Humors of bile, wind and phlegm " that " dictates the state of our physical and spiritual health.

Shingon shares material with Tibetan Buddhism –- such as the esoteric sutras ( called Tantras in Tibetan Buddhism ) and mandalas – but the actual practices are not related.

This religion shares aspects of the Tibetan Bön religion, and is often referred to as " Bön ," however there exist significant distinctions between Gurung Dharma and Bön proper.

It is quite distinct from non-Eastern Tibetan languages, though it shares many similarities with Bumthang.

Examples include Tibetan singing bowls, temple bells of many sizes and shapes, gongs, Javanese gamelan and other bronze musical instruments.

Tibetan refugees have constructed and opened many schools and Buddhist temples in Dharamshala.

Concepts similar to qi can be found in many cultures, for example, Prana in Vedantic philosophy, mana in Hawaiian culture, Lüng in Tibetan Buddhism, and Vital energy in Western philosophy.

A Tibetan diaspora has spread Tibetan Buddhism to many Western countries, where the tradition has gained popularity.

Despite a reversal in Buddhist influence which began under King Langdarma ( 836-842 ), the following centuries saw a colossal effort in collecting available Indian sources, many of which are now extant only in Tibetan translation.

However, each branch of Mahayana Buddhism selects which sutra to follow, and some branches, including the majority of Tibetan and Japanese Buddhists, do eat meat, while many Chinese Buddhist branches do not.

However, Nepal Bhasa, the original language of Kathmandu, is non-tonal, as are several Tibetan dialects and many other Tibeto-Burman languages.

It may have been inhabited as early as 2000 BC, but not much was known until the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism in the 9th century, when turmoil in Tibet forced many monks to flee to Bhutan.

After a series of victories over rival subsect leaders and Tibetan invaders, Ngawang Namgyal took the title shabdrung ( At Whose Feet One Submits, or, in many Western sources, Dharma Raja ), becoming the temporal and spiritual leader of Bhutan.

Clergy were arrested and sent to camps ; many Tibetan Buddhists were forced to participate in the destruction of their monasteries at gunpoint.

The story of the choice of these languages is referenced to Burtt's 1989 telephone interview, and many of the used Tibetan phrases translated.

Tibetan diaspora was puzzled as many of the phrases they could make out did not corellate to events on screen.

Established in 1967, built in the style of a traditional temple, the National Library houses many ancient Dzonghka and Tibetan texts.

The town has many other privately owned emporiums which deal with thangkas, paintings, masks, brassware, antique jewellery, painted lama tables known as choektse, drums, Tibetan violins and so forth.

In addition to creating his own albums and scoring films, Sharifi has arranged and produced albums for many artists, including Tibetan vocalist Yungchen Lhamo, and Persian vocalist Mamak Khadem.

In the Autonomous regions of China many children of the country's major ethnic minorities attend public schools where the medium of instructions is the local language, such as e. g. Uyghur or Tibetan.

In the Tibetan tradition, bDud. rTsi is made during drubchens-lengthy ceremonies involving many high lamas.

After having studied Zen for five or six years, Gere traveled to Nepal in 1978 with the Brazilian painter, Sylvia Martins where he met many Tibetan monks and lamas.

In Tibetan Buddhism many of these worldly protector deities are indigenous Tibetan deities, mountain gods, demons, spirits or ghosts that have been subjugated by Padmasambhava or other great adepts and oath bound to protect a monastery, geographic region, particular tradition or as guardians of Buddhism in general.

While many of these practices are also common in some form to Tibetan Buddhism ( and mark a distinction between Tibetan and other forms of Buddhism ), they are actually included within the recognized Bon canon ( under the causal vehicle ), rather than in Buddhist texts.

The Bonpo school is said by some to now resemble most closely the Nyingma school, the oldest school of Tibetan Buddhism, which traces its lineage to the first transmission of Buddhism into Tibet, while other researchers say many practices of Bonpos resemble folk Taoism.