* 1395 – Tokhtamysh – Timur war: Battle of the Terek River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Volga.

* 1391 – Tokhtamysh – Timur war: Battle of the Kondurcha River – Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present day southeast Russia.

* July 18 – Tokhtamysh-Timur War: Battle of the Kondurcha River – Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present day southeast Russia.

* April 15 – Tokhtamysh – Timur war: Battle of the Terek River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Volga.

Cultural sites include: the National Museum of Afghanistan, notably displaying an impressive statue of Surya excavated at Khair Khana, the ruined Darul Aman Palace, the tomb of Mughal Emperor Babur at Bagh-e Babur, and Chehlstoon Park, the Minar-i-Istiqlal ( Column of Independence ) built in 1919 after the Third Afghan War, the mausoleum of Timur Shah Durrani, and the imposing Id Gah Mosque ( founded 1893 ).

* Timur leads his army against troops of the White Horde which have arrived at Sighnaq.

* The Kartid Dynasty is brought to an end in east Persia after its remaining rulers are murdered at a banquet by Miran Shah, son of Timur Lenk.

Meanwhile an anti-Ottoman crusade led by the Hungarian King Sigismund of Luxemburg failed at the Battle of Nicopolis on 25 September 1396, but the Ottomans were themselves crushingly defeated by Timur at the Battle of Ankara in 1402.

Don Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo, a Castilian ambassador, was probably the first European to visit Tehran, stopping in July 1404, while on a journey to Samarkand ( now in Uzbekistan ) the capital of Timur, who ruled Iran at the time.

His father's old enemy Kabad Khan whom patronage of Timur Shah Durrani ( successor of Ahmad Shah Durrani ) had elevated to Chiefship of Kunduz sent a force against Muhammad Shah under Kubadcha they wintered at Sang i Mohr and were joined by Kabad Khan in person.

Hafez was supported by patronage from several successive local regimes: Shah Abu Ishaq, who came to power while Hafez was in his teens ; Timur at the end of his life ; and even the strict ruler Shah Mubariz ud-Din Muhammad ( Mubariz Muzaffar ).

Meanwhile the other surviving son of Bayezid, Musa Çelebi, who was captured at the battle of Ankara, was released by Timur into the custody of Yakub of Germiyan Mûsa was freed, after Mehmed made a request for his brother's release.

On early morning of 17 August 1945, Sukarno returned to his house at Jl Pegangsaan Timur No. 56, where he was joined by Mohammad Hatta.

Kazakh-American tenor Timur Bekbosunov, profiled in LA Weekly's Best of LA People 2011 issue as ' The Reform Tenor ', recorded Total Eclipse and performed it on America's Got Talent Season 10 with his dark glam opera band, Timur and the Dime Museum, and composer of the song, Kristian Hoffman, at the piano.

The defeat of Sultan Beyazid I by Timur Lenk ( Tamerlane ) at Ankara in the summer of 1402 opened a period of anarchy in the Ottoman Empire and Mircea took advantage of it to organize together with the Hungarian king a campaign against the Turks.

In 1933, on August 9, the Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhancang killed and beheaded the Uighur leader Timur Beg, displaying his head on a spike at Id Kah mosque.

The Battle of Ankara or Battle of Angora, fought on 20 July 1402, took place at the field of Çubuk ( near Ankara ) between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I and the Turko-Mongol forces of Timur, ruler of the Timurid Empire.

European nations had, at first, encouraged the Timurid invasion and the Genoese were said to be flying the Mongol standard from the walls of Galata in support of Timur.

Timur was furious at the Italian sailors who rescued the Ottoman soldiers, but with no ships, he was in no position to do anything to stop it.

* Military-Engineering Strategy used by Timur at the Battle of Ankara ( 1402 )

* From 8 March 1403 until 1413, the Ottoman Interregnum, a result of the death of Sultan Bayezid I at the hands of Central Asian warlord Timur.

These elephants were placed at the centre of the Persian line and made such an impression on the Macedonian troops that Alexander felt the need to sacrifice to the God of Fear say that the Timurids ultimately won by employing an ingenious strategy: Timur tied flaming straw to the back of his camels before the charge.

He defeated the Rohillas and Afghan garrisons in Punjab and succeeded in ousting Timur Shah and his court from India and brought Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and other subahs on the Indian side of Attock under Maratha rule.

Timur Shah the son of Ahmad Shah Durrani fled with Jahan Khan back to Kabul in Afghanistan. This victory take the Hindu Maratha Empire across Punjab up to Attock and Peshawar.

The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground and Timur installs a puppet ruler on the Golden Horde throne.

The efforts of the Sadozai heirs of Timur to impose a true monarchy on the truculent Pashtun tribes, and their efforts to rule absolutely and without the advice of the other major Pashtun tribal leaders, were ultimately unsuccessful.

In 1400, the Central Asian warlord Timur had succeeded in rousing the local Turkic beyliks that had been vassals of the Ottomans to join him in his attack on Bayezid, who was considered one of the most powerful rulers in the Muslim world during that period.

In the fateful Battle of Ankara, on 20 July 1402, Bayezid was captured by Timur and the Ottoman army was overpowered.

Sharia's rules on written evidence necessarily diminish the utility of written contracts to structure economic relations, and Timur Kuran has noted the predominance of a " largely oral contracting culture " in pre-modern Islamic society.

The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground and Timur installs a puppet ruler on the Golden Horde throne.

They were long redoutable both as warriors and as armourers, but by the end of the fourteenth century they seem to have come thoroughly under the Tartar rule ; for they fought on the side of Toctamish Khan of Sarai against the great Timur.

After the death of Timur, who intended to invade China, the relations between the Yongle Emperor's China and Shakhrukh's state in Persia and Transoxania state considerably improved, and the countries exchanged large official delegations on a number of occasions.

The Ottoman Interregnum, or the Ottoman Civil War, ( 20 July 1402 – 5 July 1413 ) ( Fetret Devri in Turkish ) began on 20 July 1402, when chaos reigned in the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Sultan Bayezid I by the Central Asian warlord Timur.

Seeking to revive the splendours of Persian court ceremonial made famous by his ancestor Timur, Akbar planned the complex on Persian principles.

Timur, whose whole army was mounted, took u-turn moving fast through Anatolia, slaughtering Turkish conscripts, taking away Turkish horses, destroying on his path Turkish cities and towns.

Invaders in the history of Afghanistan include Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, Timur, the Mughal Empire, Russian Tsars, the British Empire, the Soviet Union, and currently a coalition force of NATO troops, the majority of which are from the United States, following the US-led invasion which began on October 7, 2001, Operation Enduring Freedom.

He was born on 14 Feb 1483 in present day Uzbekistan, the eldest son of Amir Umar Shaykh Mirza, the son of Abū Saʿīd Mirza ( and grandson of Miran Shah, who was himself son of Timur ) and his wife Qutlugh Nigar Khanum, daughter of Younus Khan, the ruler of Moghulistan ( and great-great grandson of Abhavh Timur, the son of Esen Buqa II, who was the great-great-great grandson of Chaghatai Khan, the second born son of Genghis Khan ).

** East Java, also called Jawa Timur, one of provinces on the Indonesian island of Java

The population of the island in the 2010 Census was 434, 113 people, administered among 3 regencies, Maluku Tengah Regency had 170, 392 people on Seram island itself and 191, 306 on the lesser islands ( majority on Ambon Island ), the entirety of Seram Bagian Barat Regency and Seram Bagian Timur Regency.

In the 18th century it formed part of the dominion of Ahmad Khan Durrani, and so remained under his son Timur.

The castle was much fought over during the Crusades and was finally conquered by the Ottoman Sultan Beyazid I in 1392 but was lost after the invasion of Timur Lenk in 1402.

After the death of Ahmad Shah in about 1772, his son Timur Shah became the next ruler of the Durrani dynasty who decided to make Kabul the new capital of the empire, and used Peshawar as the winter capital.

Leaving his second son Timur Shah to safeguard his interests, Ahmad Shah left India to return to Afghanistan.

Ahmad Shah was succeeded by his son, Timur Shah, who had been deputed to administer his fathers conquests in northern India, but had been driven out by the Marathas.

Most of his reign was spent fighting a civil war and resisting rebellion ; Timur was even forced to move his capital from Kandahar to Kabul due to insurgency.

Timur Shah proved an ineffectual ruler, during whose reign the Durrani empire began to crumble.

After the death of Timur Shah, three of his sons, the governors of Kandahar, Herat and Kabul, contended for the succession.

Yet another of Timur Shah's sons, Shuja Shah ( or Shah Shuja ), ruled for only six years.

Ali Shah was another son of Timur Shah.

Ayub Shah was another son of Timur Shah, who deposed Sultan Ali Shah.

Bayezid I, held captive by Emir Timur and his armies.

However, writers and historians from Timur's own court reported that Bayezid was treated well, and that Timur even mourned his death.

They revelled in the legend that he was taken by Timur to Samarkand, and embellished it with a cast of characters to create an oriental fantasy that has maintained its appeal.

He was a direct descendant of Timur through his father, and a descendant also of Genghis Khan through his mother ; hence, he identified his lineage as Timurid and Chaghatay-Turkic.

Timur ( Tamerlane ), incorporated what is today Afghanistan into his own vast Timurid Empire.

Timur rebuilt most of Afghanistan's infrastructure which was destroyed by his early ancestor.

In 1504 Babur, a descendant of Timur, arrived from what is now Uzbekistan and to the city of Kabul.