The castle was much fought over during the Crusades and was finally conquered by the Ottoman Sultan Beyazid I in 1392 but was lost after the invasion of Timur Lenk in 1402.

Ahmad Shah was succeeded by his son, Timur Shah, who had been deputed to administer his fathers conquests in northern India, but had been driven out by the Marathas.

Most of his reign was spent fighting a civil war and resisting rebellion ; Timur was even forced to move his capital from Kandahar to Kabul due to insurgency.

Timur died in 1793, and was then succeeded by his fifth son Zaman Shah

Ali Shah was another son of Timur Shah.

Ayub Shah was another son of Timur Shah, who deposed Sultan Ali Shah.

In 1400, the Central Asian warlord Timur had succeeded in rousing the local Turkic beyliks that had been vassals of the Ottomans to join him in his attack on Bayezid, who was considered one of the most powerful rulers in the Muslim world during that period.

In the fateful Battle of Ankara, on 20 July 1402, Bayezid was captured by Timur and the Ottoman army was overpowered.

However, writers and historians from Timur's own court reported that Bayezid was treated well, and that Timur even mourned his death.

They revelled in the legend that he was taken by Timur to Samarkand, and embellished it with a cast of characters to create an oriental fantasy that has maintained its appeal.

He was a direct descendant of Timur through his father, and a descendant also of Genghis Khan through his mother ; hence, he identified his lineage as Timurid and Chaghatay-Turkic.

Timur rebuilt most of Afghanistan's infrastructure which was destroyed by his early ancestor.

He was succeeded by his son, Timur Shah Durrani, who transferred the capital of their Afghan Empire from Kandahar to Kabul.

Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights.

Timur Shah died in 1793 and was succeeded by his son Zaman Shah Durrani.

Genghis Khan and Mongol invasions devastated the region during the late Middle Ages, but their hold upon the area was transitional as later Timur Leng and Uzbeks contested the land.

Timur was born in 1977.

It experienced periodic expansion until the 14th century, when the church was nearly destroyed by the collapse of the Mongol Empire and the conquests of Timur.

He was a grandson of the great conqueror, Timur ( Tamerlane ) ( 1336 – 1405 ), and the oldest son of Shah Rukh, both of whom came from the Turkicized Barlas tribe of Transoxiana ( now Uzbekistan ).

Eventually, his reputation was rehabilitated by his relative, ' Abdullah ( 1450 – 1451 ), who placed Ulugh Beg's remains in the tomb of Timur in Samarkand, where they were found by archeologists in 1941.

A measure of the value set upon rhubarb can be gotten from Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo's report of his embassy in 1403-05 to Timur in Samarkand: " The best of all merchandise coming to Samarkand was from China: especially silks, satins, musk, rubies, diamonds, pearls, and rhubarb ...".

He defeated the Rohillas and Afghan garrisons in Punjab and succeeded in ousting Timur Shah and his court from India and brought Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and other subahs on the Indian side of Attock under Maratha rule.

This thesis is supported by the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, explaining that the Turko-Mongol name Timur underwent a similar evolution, from the Sanskrit word cimara (" iron ") via a modified version * čimr to the final Turkicized version timür, with-ür replacing-r due to the Turkish vowel harmony ( hence babr → babür ).

The island along with smaller minor islands are split into eight regencies ( local government districts ); from west to east these are: Manggarai Barat ( West Manggarai ), Manggarai Tengah ( Central Manggarai ), Manggarai Timur ( East Manggarai ), Ngada, Nagekeo, Ende, Sikka and Flores Timur ( East Flores ).

In 1504 Babur, a descendant of Timur, arrived from what is now Uzbekistan and to the city of Kabul.

In 1526, Babur, a Timurid descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from Fergana Valley ( modern day Uzbekistan ), swept across the Khyber Pass and established the Mughal Empire, covering modern day Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.

His son Timur Shah Durrani, after inheriting power, transferred the capital of Afghanistan from Kandahar to Kabul in 1776, and used Peshawar as the winter capital.

Some spinels are among the most famous gemstones: Among them is the Black Prince's Ruby and the ' Timur ruby ' in the British Crown Jewels, and the ' cote de Bretagne ' formerly from the French Crown jewels.

In 1370, Timur decided to make Samarkand the capital of his empire, which extended from India to Turkey.

Evidence gathered from linguistic studies around Aceh confirms that a very strong Champan cultural influence existed in Indonesia ; this is indicated by the use of the chamic or Aceh – Chamic language as the main language in the coastal districts of Aceh Besar, Pidie, Bireun, Aceh Utara, Kota Lhokseumawe, Aceh Timur, Aceh Barat, Aceh Barat Daya, and Aceh Jaya.

Other smaller parties included Klibur Oan Timur Asuwain or KOTA whose name translated from the Tetum language as ' Sons of the Mountain Warriors ', which sought to create a form of monarchy involving the local liurai, and the Partido Trabalhista or Labour Party, but neither had any significant support.

The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Bayezid I then invaded Syria which was regained by the Mamluk sultan Faraj when Timur died in 1405, but continually facing rebellions from local emirs, he was forced to abdicate in 1412.

Hafez was supported by patronage from several successive local regimes: Shah Abu Ishaq, who came to power while Hafez was in his teens ; Timur at the end of his life ; and even the strict ruler Shah Mubariz ud-Din Muhammad ( Mubariz Muzaffar ).

Pegangsaan Timur No. 56, confiscated from its previous Dutch owners and presented to Sukarno by the Japanese.

The cuisine was later influenced by the cultures which arrived with the invasion of Kashmir by Timur from the area of modern Uzbekistan.

It can with more certainty be traced to the beginning of the Mughal Dynasty in the early fifteenth century, when the last successor of Timur, Babar, extended his rule from Kabul to India to found the Mughal Empire.

* Timur Lenk, the conqeuror from Central Asia and the founder of Timurid Empire.

Emir Timur and his maiden from Khwarezm.

Heir to one of these confederations, Timur, founder of the Timurid dynasty, added the valley to a newly consolidated empire in the late 14th century, ruling the area from Samarkand.

* 1401 – Turko-Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus.

The Battle of Ankara or Battle of Angora, fought on 20 July 1402, took place at the field of Çubuk ( near Ankara ) between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I and the Turko-Mongol forces of Timur, ruler of the Timurid Empire.