Even though this period-known in its earlier part as the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period-in its latter part was fraught with chaos and bloody battles, it is also known as the Golden Age of Chinese philosophy because a broad range of thoughts and ideas were developed and discussed freely.

Autumn or fall ( / ˈaːtəm / or |/ faːl / respectively ) is one of the four temperate seasons.

This view is presented in English poet John Keats ' poem To Autumn, where he describes the season as a time of bounteous fecundity, a time of ' mellow fruitfulness '.

French poet Paul Verlaine's " Chanson d ' automne " (" Autumn Song ") is likewise characterised by strong, painful feelings of sorrow.

A normal activity for high schools in the US is attending Friday night football games in Autumn, while Sunday afternoons are reserved for the professional game, particularly the National Football League, and Saturdays are traditionally used for college football.

* What is Autumn

The population migrations around 1200 – 1100 BC reduced the shipping of tin around the Mediterranean ( and from Great Britain ), limiting supplies and raising prices. Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng, Spring and Autumn Period ( 476BC-221BC ) As ironworking improved, iron became cheaper ; and as cultures advanced from wrought iron to forged iron, they learned how to make steel, which is stronger than bronze and holds a sharper edge longer.

The Spring and Autumn Period is marked by a falling apart of the central Zhou power.

In around 500 BCE, after the Zhou state weakened and China moved into the Spring and Autumn Period, the classic period of Chinese philosophy began ( it is an interesting fact that this date nearly coincides with the emergence of the first Greek philosophers ).

The Spring and Autumn Annals, the official chronicle of the State of Lu covering the period from 722 BCE to 481 BCE, is among the earliest surviving Chinese historical texts to be arranged on annalistic principles.

*** The Spring and Autumn Annals is chronologically the earliest annal ; consisting of about 16, 000 words, it records the events of the State of Lu from 722 BCE to 481 BCE, with implied condemnation of usurpations, murder, incest, etc.

**** The Zuo Zhuan ( Commentary of Zuo ) is a different report of the same events as the Spring and Autumn Annals with a few significant differences.

* The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms, a historical record of the Sixteen Kingdoms, attributed to Cui Hong, is lost.

Some more festivals are for example the Festival Feuer und Flamme ( Fire and Flames ), the Gartenfestival ( Garden Festival ), the Herbstfestival ( Autumn Festival ), the Harley Days, the Steintor Festival ( Steintor is a party area in the city centre ) and the Lister-Meile-Festival ( Lister Meile is a large pedestrian area ).

With the large number and variety of birds present, the area is very popular with bird watchers, particularly in the Autumn and Winter.

Shelley's Ode to the West Wind, written in fourteen line terza rima stanzas, is a major poem in the form, but perhaps the greatest odes of the 19th century were Keats's Five Great Odes of 1819 which included Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Psyche, and To Autumn.

* 1977 – German Autumn: Four days after it is hijacked, Lufthansa Flight 181 lands in Mogadishu, Somalia, where a team of German GSG 9 commandos later rescues all remaining hostages on board.

Autumn is a pleasant season, as the moderating Gulf waters delay the onset of frost, although storm activity increases compared to the summer.

Alternatively the guan dao is also known as " Chun Qiu Da Dao " or ' Spring Autumn Great Knife ', again probably related to Guan Yu's loyal image depicted in the Ming dynasty novel ' Romance of the Three Kingdoms ', but possibly a Ming author invention.

The most pleasant seasons are Spring, although changeable and often rainy, and Autumn, which is generally sunny and dry.

* Late Red Autumn Hop Ale is a complex, richly flavoured autumn hop ale.

Because the play is so stripped down, so elemental, it invites all kinds of social and political and religious interpretation ," wrote Normand Berlin in a tribute to the play in Autumn 1999, " with Beckett himself placed in different schools of thought, different movements and ' ism's.

** German Autumn: Employers Association President Hanns-Martin Schleyer is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany.

* October 19 – German Autumn: Kidnapped industrialist Hanns-Martin Schleyer is found murdered in Mulhouse, France.

An avid reader as a boy, Harte published his first work at age 11, a satirical poem titled " Autumn Musings ," now lost.

His first book, a collection of short pieces called Bertha's Christmas Vision: An Autumn Sheaf, was published in 1856, and his second, a lengthy satirical poem called Nothing to Do: A Tilt at our Best Society, was published in 1857.

* James Wright-Pulitzer Prize winning poet and author who immortalized the blue collar city in his poem, " Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio "

* Often-anthologized poem: Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio, by James Wright

The Ohio Valley poet James Wright mentions Tiltonsville in his poem, " Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio ".

In 1948 Carmichael composed a piece called Brown County in Autumn, a nine-minute tone poem which was not well received by critics.

American poetry arguably reached its peak in the early-to-mid-20th century, with such noted writers as Wallace Stevens and his Harmonium ( 1923 ) and The Auroras of Autumn ( 1950 ), T. S. Eliot and his The Waste Land ( 1922 ), Robert Frost and his North of Boston ( 1914 ) and New Hampshire ( 1923 ), Hart Crane and his White Buildings ( 1926 ) and the epic cycle, The Bridge ( 1930 ), Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams and his epic poem about his New Jersey hometown, Paterson, Marianne Moore, E. E. Cummings, Edna St. Vincent Millay and Langston Hughes, in addition to many others.

" To Autumn " is a poem by English Romantic poet John Keats ( 31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821 ).

Keats did not send " To Autumn " to Reynolds, but did include the poem within a letter to Richard Woodhouse, Keats's publisher and friend, and dated it on the same day.

As the poem progresses, Autumn is represented metaphorically as one who conspires, who ripens fruit, who harvests, who makes music.

The first stanza of the poem represents Autumn as involved with the promotion of natural processes, growth and ultimate maturation, two forces in opposition in nature, but together creating the impression that the season will not end.

In " To Autumn ", as a result of this process, the " rhythms " of the harvesting " artist-goddess " " permeate the whole world until all visual, tactile, and kinetic presence is transubstantiated into Apollonian music for the ear ," the sounds of the poem itself.

This " political " element in the poem, Bewell points out, has also been suggested by Geoffrey Hartman, who expounded a view of " To Autumn " as " an ideological poem whose form expresses a national idea ".

There is no dramatic movement in " To Autumn " as there is in many earlier poems ; the poem progresses in its focus while showing little change in the objects it is focusing on.

Between the manuscript version and the published version of " To Autumn " Keats tightened the language of the poem.

A. C. Swinburne placed it with " Ode on a Grecian Urn " as " the nearest to absolute perfection " of Keats's odes ; Aileen Ward declared it " Keats's most perfect and untroubled poem "; and Douglas Bush has stated that the poem is " flawless in structure, texture, tone, and rhythm "; Walter Evert, in 1965, stated that " To Autumn " is " the only perfect poem that Keats ever wrote – and if this should seem to take from him some measure of credit for his extraordinary enrichment of the English poetic tradition, I would quickly add that I am thinking of absolute perfection in whole poems, in which every part is wholly relevant to and consistent in effect with every other part.

Harold Bloom, in 1961, described " To Autumn " as " the most perfect shorter poem in the English language.

In 1997, Andrew Motion summarised the critical view on " To Autumn ": " it has often been called Keats's ' most ... untroubled poem ' [...] To register the full force of its achievement, its tensions have to be felt as potent and demanding.

" Following in 1998, M. H. Abrams explained, To Autumn ' was the last work of artistic consequence that Keats completed [...] he achieved this celebratory poem, with its calm acquiescence to time, transience and mortality, at a time when he was possessed by a premonition [...] that he had himself less than two years to live ".