Reactor salts are usually close to eutectic mixtures to reduce their melting point.

This process utilizes shovels and snowplows, and is often assisted by sprinkling salt or other chloride-based chemicals, which reduce the melting temperature of snow.

The presence of even 0. 8 % water may reduce the temperature of melting by as much as 100 ° C.

Some aluminium fluoride, AlF < sub > 3 </ sub > is also added into the process to reduce the melting point of the cryolite-alumina mixture.

The use of Calcium Nitrate can reduce the melting point at 131ºC and today there are several technical calcium nitrate grades stable at more than 500ºC.

Improved friction is provided by lining materials that have a higher coefficient of friction than standard brake pads, while brake fade is reduced through the use of more expensive binding resins with a higher melting point, along with slotted, drilled, or dimpled discs / rotors that reduce the gaseous boundary layer, in addition to providing enhanced heat dissipation.

A small fraction of the ethylene is generally replaced with propylene to reduce the melting point somewhat.

Paradoxically, it is possible to reduce the divergence of a laser beam by first expanding it with one convex lens, and then collimating it with a second convex lens whose focal point is coincident with that of the first lens.

Ammunition can be chosen to reduce the risk of overpenetration ; see Terminal ballistics, Stopping power, and Hollow point bullet.

They are designed to reduce the electric field at the point where the insulator is attached to the line, to prevent corona discharge, which results in power losses.

To reduce the chances that a faster-moving ( and thus closer ) object be mistaken for the new planet, Tombaugh imaged each region near its opposition point, 180 degrees from the Sun, where the apparent retrograde motion for objects beyond Earth's orbit is at its strongest.

Later, higher scale integration electronics was applied ( mainly by Sony ), simplifying and even removing the intermediate opticals, up to a point to reduce the size of video cameras for domestic use until convert them in handy and full camcorders.

To become steel, it must be melted and reprocessed to reduce the carbon to the correct amount, at which point other elements can be added.

At the time, some believed this lack of growth outside Britain was due to the ‘ Malthusian trap ’ theory ; Thomas Malthus argued before the start of the Industrial Revolution that it was the tendency of a population to expand beyond the limits of resource sustainability, at which point a crisis ( such as famine, war, or epidemic ) would reduce the population to a sustainable size.

* Another reason for using the Cassegrain design is to increase the focal length of the antenna, to improve the field of view Parabolic reflectors used in dish antennas have a large curvature and short focal length, to locate the focal point near the mouth of the dish, to reduce the length of the supports required to hold the feed structure or secondary reflector.

A rigid coupling may also be added between shafts to reduce shock and wear at the point where the shafts meet.

A variant system known as two point acupressure attempts to bypass a blockage of vital flow by using one acupoint to create a link with one of the collateral meridians, and then using one additional acupoint to stimulate or reduce the flow around the obstruction.

Jeff Snyder is a spokesman for the view that gun possession is a civil right, and that therefore arguments about whether gun restrictions reduce or increase violent crime are beside the point: " I am not here engaged in ... recommending ... policy prescriptions on the basis of the promised or probable results crime ... Thus these essays are not fundamentally about guns at all.

It enciphered vowels ( AEIOUY ) and consonants separately, perhaps to reduce telegram costs, and this was a significant weak point.

At one point, his status was so precarious that Ebert had a tracheotomy performed on his neck to reduce the effort of breathing while he recovered.

The use of de-icing salts on roadways, used to reduce the freezing point of water, is probably one of the primary causes of premature failure of reinforced or prestressed concrete bridge decks, roadways, and parking garages.

If teams are ranked according to points scored, however, a team that knows it cannot hope to catch up to the winning team might favour quickly catching the Snitch ( also ending the game ) so as to end the game before any more points are scored and hence reduce the lead in point difference obtained by the winning team, so that it is easier to win them back in subsequent matches.

The standard solution is to put band-pass filters between the antenna and the amplifier, but these reduce the radio's flexibility-which some see as the whole point of a software radio.

In order to reduce wear at this point, the cam and follower are both surface hardened, and modern lubricant motor oils contain additives specifically to reduce sliding friction.

Policymakers can therefore reduce the unemployment rate temporarily, moving from point A to point B through expansionary policy.

This is because attempts to reduce point count in the player's hands can be " read " by other players if too transparent.

Product developers might also use floating point DSP's to reduce the cost and complexity of software development in exchange for more expensive hardware, since it is generally easier to implement algorithms in floating point.

Officials point out that such a programme would be expensive but an approach could reduce the long-term cost of family breakdown, which has been estimated at up to £ 100 billion.

By contracting the 3 + 1 dimensional surface area of the " bubble " being transported by the drive, while at the same time expanding the 3-dimensional volume contained inside, Van Den Broeck was able to reduce the total energy needed to transport small atoms to less than three solar masses.

According to Benford, this lens would diffuse the light from the Sun and reduce the solar energy reaching the Earth by approximately 0. 5 % to 1 %.

Some passive systems use a small amount of conventional energy to control dampers, shutters, night insulation, and other devices that enhance solar energy collection, storage, and use, and reduce undesirable heat transfer.

Reflective window coatings and multiple panes of glass can reduce useful solar gain.

Skylights should be covered and well-insulated to reduce natural convection ( warm air rising ) heat loss on cold winter nights, and intense solar heat gain during hot spring / summer / fall days.

You can partially reduce some of the unwanted roof-angled-glazing summer solar heat gain by installing a skylight in the shade of deciduous ( leaf-shedding ) trees, or by adding a movable insulated opaque window covering on the inside or outside of the skylight.

Both increase overall cost, and the latter will reduce the amount of solar gain into the sunspace.

For occupant safety, regulatory agencies usually require sloped glass to be made of safety glass, laminated, or a combination thereof, which reduce solar gain potential.

Solar powered landscape lighting and fountain pumps, and covered swimming pools and plunge pools with solar water heaters can reduce the impact of such amenities.

Passive solar lighting techniques enhance taking advantage of natural illumination for interiors, and so reduce reliance on artificial lighting systems.

External shading, or a radiant barrier plus air gap, may be used to reduce undesirable summer solar gain.

East / west glass doors and windows should be fully shaded top-to-bottom or a spectrally selective coating can be used to reduce solar gain.

This solar energy system will reduce New Jersey CO2 emissions by more than annually ; SO2 emissions by ; and NO2 emissions by., as well as eliminating significant amounts of mercury.

In subtropics, they cover the edges of the horse latitude climatological highs, and reduce the amount of solar energy absorbed in the ocean.

In the area of photovoltaics, a passivating surface layer such as silicon nitride, silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide can reduce surface recombination-a significant loss mechanism in solar cells.

He explores efforts by companies and individuals to reduce their carbon footprint and save money with conservation, efficiency, and technologies such as solar, wind, biomass, nuclear, and clean coal.

Other techniques, such as varying forms of filtration, chemical disinfection, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation ( including solar UV ) have been demonstrated in an array of randomized control trials to significantly reduce levels of waterborne disease among users in low-income countries.

Other techniques, such as filtration, chemical disinfection, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation ( including solar UV ) have been demonstrated in an array of randomized control trials to significantly reduce levels of water-borne disease among users in low-income countries, but these suffer from the same problems as boiling methods.

His latest patent is pending for a new solar cell that will reduce the cost of solar cells by 50 percent.

The solar panels are expected to reduce 27, 500 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions, the equivalent of planting two acres of Douglas fir trees every year.

Recently the IEC was the number one recipient of the DOE Sunshot Initiative and was awarded 5 grants totaling $ 9. 1 million dollars to research next generation solar cells to reduce the cost of solar cells by 75 % by the end of the decade.

He has built CCD cameras and software for the detection of near-Earth asteroids and Kuiper Belt Objects, and his research has helped reduce the assumed number of near-Earth asteroids larger than 1 km by half, from 1, 000 – 2, 000 to 500 – 1, 000 He has also assisted in the detection of distant solar system objects, supernovae, and quasars, thereby helping to understand the origin and evolution of the solar system and the dark energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe.