Arkwright in 1775 obtained for a grand patent covering many processes that he hoped would give him monopoly power over the fast-growing industry, but Lancashire opinion was bitterly hostile to exclusive patents ; in 1781 Arkwright tried and failed to uphold his monopolistic 1775 patent.

As epitomised in the slogan “ Freedom in Discussion, Unity in Action ”, Lenin followed the example of the First International ( IWA, International Workingmen ’ s Association, 1864 – 1876 ), and organised the Bolsheviks as a democratically centralised vanguard party, wherein free political-speech was recognised legitimate until policy consensus ; afterwards, every member of the Party would be expected to uphold the official policy established in consensus.

With no clear male heir ( the obvious choice, William Clito, the son of Henry's older brother, was not favoured by the King ; Henry had an abundance of other nephews and illegitimate children, of whom his favoured nephew Stephen of Blois and illegitimate son Robert of Gloucester particularly stood out, but for various reasons none were chosen ), Henry designated his daughter, Matilda, dowager Holy Roman Empress, as his heiress, marrying her to William's brother-in-law Geoffrey V of Anjou, and forcing his Barons to swear to uphold her rights ; but on his death, the Barons reneged on their oaths on the grounds of coercion, and chose Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, prompting a period of English history known as The Anarchy.

Henry I had wished his inheritance to pass to his daughter Matilda, and in 1127 made his notables swear an oath to uphold the succession of Matilda ( David was the first layman to do so ).

The tradition maintained by the Royal Navy of " showing the flag " at seaside towns to uphold the morale of the Navy is said to have its origins in a service held at the Bradstowe Chapel in 1514 with the crew of the Henry Grace a Dieu in attendance, whilst the largest and latest addition to the King's Fleet was moored nearby.

Henry was forced to take part in the swearing of a collective oath to uphold the Provisions of Oxford.

Although a supporter of abortion rights, Penner was required to uphold a decision from the Manitoba courts which prevented Henry Morgentaler from opening a private clinic in the province.

It seems that Henry wants to uphold the principles that he feels Julian has betrayed.

In judicial matters, the basis for the law remained the Anglo-Saxon Laws of Edward the Confessor which both William the Conqueror and Henry I promised to uphold.

Robert was present in January 1164 when the king summoned a council of the barons and the bishops to Clarendon, where the king demanded that both groups swear to uphold the royal rights of Henry's grandfather, King Henry I, without any reservations or conditions.

Boniface had to uphold the sacredness of the feudal contract at all costs, for it was only as suzerain of Sicily and of the Patrimony of Peter that he had any justification for his Italian wars, but in the English-Scottish-French triangle it was almost impossible for him to recognize the claims of any one of the contestants without seeming to invalidate those of the other two.

Although the prophets urged the people of Judah and Israel to see their exile as punishment for failing to uphold their covenant with Yahweh, it was not long after they had been restored to the land and to Temple worship that the people's commitment to their God began, once again, to wane.

Selig decided to uphold the 20 games, however, an independent arbitrator ruled that Selig had exceeded his authority and reduced it to 13 games, but upheld the fine.

On 22 March, Rory O ' Connor held what was to become an infamous press conference and declared that the IRA would no longer obey the Dáil as ( he said ) it had violated its Oath to uphold the Irish Republic.

On the morning of the team's departure from Southampton, Grace responded to well-wishers by saying that his team " had a duty to perform to maintain the honour of English cricket, and to uphold the high character of English cricketers ".

The Reconstruction Acts called for registering all adult males, white and black, except those who had ever sworn an oath to uphold the Constitution of the United States and then engaged in rebellion ... Sheridan interpreted these restrictions stringently, barring from registration not only all pre-1861 officials of state and local governments who had supported the Confederacy but also all city officeholders and even minor functionaries such as sextons of cemeteries.

Bolívar's dream had been to engender an American Revolution-style federation among all the newly independent republics, with a government set up solely to recognize and uphold the rights of the individual.

The book, Training the Samurai Mind: A Bushido Sourcebook, gives an insider's view of the samurai world: " the moral and psychological development of the warrior, the ethical standards they were meant to uphold, their training in both martial arts and strategy, and the enormous role that the traditions of Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism had in influencing samurai ideals.

Sauvé remained secretive about the exact nature of the illness, and did not pay attention to rumours that she had developed Hodgkin's lymphoma, stating in interviews that it was a private matter, and that she was well enough to uphold her responsibilities.

The Justice Ministry, still staffed by lawyers concerned to uphold the letter of the law, argued correctly that since Grynszpan was not a German citizen, he could not be tried in Germany for a murder he had committed outside Germany, and since he had been a minor at the time he could not face the death penalty.

Toledo promised to uphold and strengthen the market program that had been put in place, while also mitigating inequality issues attributed to it.

This shift of emphasis from Ṛta as a metaphysical principle governing action in the universe to Dharma as the codex of social and ritual ordinances thought to uphold Ṛta had a considerable impact upon the later development of the religion under the guidance of the Brahmin priesthood.

However, with bureaucratic red tape and political obstacles from the North Korea, the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization ( KEDO ), established to advance the implementation of the Agreed Framework, had failed to build the promised light water reactors because the United States failed to uphold their end of the agreement by providing energy aid, and in late 2002, North Korea returned to using its old reactors.

Also while he was at Zaragoza an embassy from Castile had met him and asked that he promise to uphold the donations of land his father had made to his stepmother Eleanor, but he refused to give a clear answer as to the legitimacy of the donations.

Nonetheless, in order to avoid a challenge to the new constitution in the courts, senior judges were required to make a formal declaration that they would uphold the new constitution in order to be permitted to remain in office once it had come into force.

Opposition to this was based on the fact that it was not fully discussed and explained before the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed in December 1921, and that many of the members of the second Dáil Éireann, elected without opposition in May 1921, had already sworn an Oath to uphold an Irish Republic.

This opponent comprised Britain, the Dutch Republic, Austria, and Saxony, who had concluded the defensive Treaty of Warsaw in January 1745 – the Quadruple Alliance – by which all contractants committed themselves to uphold the Pragmatic Sanction and the House of Austria's claim to the Imperial crown.

Cassander is first recorded as arriving at Alexander the Great ’ s court in Babylon in 323 BC, where he had been sent by his father, Antipater, most likely to help uphold Antipater ’ s regency in Macedon, although a later contemporary who was hostile to the Antipatrids suggested that Cassander had journeyed to the court to poison the King.

Though on a technicality William was bound to uphold all aspects of the status quo before Edward's death, the monks had already been expelled 10 years before that death.

The judge wrote that she had to uphold the new definition of “ political party ”, because the Alaska Supreme Court had upheld the old definition of “ political party ” on November 17, 2006.

Accounts have been published of Northern liberals in the South up against segregationist prejudice, especially in state-supported universities where pressure may be strong to uphold the majority view.

Douglas has consistently voted to aid the people who killed Masaryk, and against principles Masaryk died to uphold.

It is discouraging for students to realize that the societies do not truly uphold the standards for which they are supposed to stand.

Denouncing the view that the sexual union is an end in itself, the Conference declared: `` We steadfastly uphold what must always be regarded as the governing considerations of Christian marriage.

`` When you stand up in public and take vows to strive to set an example before your children and to teach them the fundamentals of the Christian faith, you strive a little harder to uphold those vows '', explains the slender vice president of the young couples Sunday school class.

Not to repel injury and uphold and improve pax-ordo means not simply to accept the misshapen order and injustice that challenges it at the moment, but also to start down the steep slope along which justice can find no place whereon to stand.

To fill Chief Justice Taney's seat on the Supreme Court, he named the choice of the Radicals, Salmon P. Chase, who Lincoln believed would uphold the emancipation and paper money policies.

The fifth Nanak, Guru Arjun Dev Sacrificed his life to uphold 22 Carats of pure truth, the greatest gift to humanity, the Guru Granth.

Those who uphold the original beliefs of Jacobus Arminius himself, is the common way to define Arminianism, but those of Hugo Grotius, John Wesley and others also understood the term as a sort of umbrella for a bigger alliance of ideas as well.

Fruit still life with shells painted by Balthasar van der Ast. His sons and his pupil and brother-in-law, Balthasar van der Ast, were among those to uphold the Bosschaert dynasty which continued until the mid-17th century.

Clinton deployed U. S. peacekeepers to Bosnia in late 1995, to uphold the subsequent Dayton Agreement.

* They hold that the practice within Independent groups of ordaining women demonstrates an understanding of Priesthood that they vindicate is totally unacceptable to the Catholic and Orthodox churches as they believe that the Universal Church does not possess such authority ; thus, they uphold that any ceremonies performed by these women should be considered being sacramentally invalid.

The final tragedy described in Kings is the result of Israel's failure to uphold its part of the covenant: faithfulness to Yahweh brings success, economic, military and political, but unfaithfulness brings defeat and oppression.

Unlike some of their continental European counterparts, the Monarch and her Governors-General in the Commonwealth realms hold significant " reserve " or " prerogative " powers, to be wielded in times of extreme emergency or constitutional crises usually to uphold parliamentary government.

Confucians taught that a virtuous woman was supposed to uphold ' three subordinations ': be subordinate to her father before marriage, to her husband after marriage, and to her son after her husband died.

Men could remarry and have concubines, whereas women were supposed to uphold the virtue of chastity when they lost their husbands.

The General Conference of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment and for governments to enact an immediate moratorium on carrying out the death penalty sentence.

* CHOI-FM: The CRTC announced it would not renew the licence of the popular CHOI-FM radio station in Quebec City, after having previously sanctioned the station for failing to uphold its promise of performance and then, during the years following, receiving about 50 complaints about offensive behaviour by radio jockeys which similarly contravened CRTC rules on broadcast hate speech.