* Tobacco smoking: Many studies have associated smoking with decreased bone health, but the mechanisms are unclear.

Tobacco smoking has been proposed to inhibit the activity of osteoblasts, and is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis.

* Tobacco smoking

Tobacco smoking is the practice of burning tobacco and inhaling the resulting smoke ( consisting of particle and gaseous phases ).

# REDIRECT Tobacco smoking

* Tobacco smoking, increases risk by 200 % after several pack years

Tobacco was a cash crop in Creedmoor and since the building of the railroad it made shipping the plant to nearby Oxford's Tobacco Research Facility and Durham's thriving smoking tobacco industry, with its companies like W. T. Blackwell and Company Tobacco Factory, American Tobacco Company, and Liggett & Meyers.

Tobacco smoking is the main known contributor to urinary bladder cancer ; in most populations, smoking is associated with over half of bladder cancer cases in men and one-third of cases among women .< ref > There is a linear relationship between smoking and risk, and quitting smoking reduces the risk.

Tobacco smoking is the most common cause.

# REDIRECT Tobacco smoking

* Environmental Tobacco Smoke-see passive smoking

Within two decades of its founding, the American Tobacco company absorbed about 250 companies and produced 80 % of the cigarettes, plug tobacco, smoking tobacco, and snuff produced in the United States.

Liggett & Myers kept control of the following plants: Liggett and Myers, St. Louis ; Spaulding and Merrick, Chicago ; Allen and Ginter, Richmond ; smoking tobacco factory in Chicago ; Nall and Williams, Louisville ; John Bollman Company, San Francisco ; Pinkerton Company, Toledo ; W. R. Irby, New Orleans ; two cigar factories in Baltimore and Philadelphia, and the Duke-Durham branch of the American Tobacco Company.

In June 2009, Buyer became the subject of some prime-time TV news attention when he likened the physical effects of smoking tobacco to those of smoking dried, rolled lettuce or grass when taking the floor against the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.

Tobacco smoking has been established as a risk factor for developing anxiety disorders.

* The Snus Experience-Lessons from Norway Sweden and Canada on the public health consequences of widespread oral tobacco use ( PDF ) Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada, October, 2007-PSC's response to claims made by Imperial Tobacco Canada that snus is linked to reduction of smoking rates and tobacco-related deaths using statistics from snus and non-snus countries

Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease, which can cause the gingiva to recede.

The alphavirus-like superfamily includes more than 250 plant and animal viruses including Tobacco mosaic virus, Semliki forest virus, Hepatitis E virus, Sindbis virus, and arboviruses ( which cause certain types of encephalitis ) ( Sullivan & Ahlquist, 1997 ; Lampio, 1999 ).

The origin of the fire is still under investigation and the U. S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is helping to determine the cause of the three-alarm fire.

Tobacco companies funded think tanks and lobbying groups, started health reassurance campaigns, ran advertisements in medical journals, and researched alternate explanations for lung cancer, such as pollution, asbestos and even pet birds.

In May 2011 a Miami-Dade Circuit jury awarded Julie Reese, an 82-year-old Cape Coral smoker represented by The Ferraro Law Firm, a total verdict of $ 1 million from R. J. Reynolds Tobacco, after she developed laryngeal cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Tobacco use in any form by itself, and even more so in combination with heavy alcohol consumption, continues to be an important risk factor for oral cancer.

Bill was diagnosed with oral cancer five years before his death, and he put the last half-decade of his life to use in raising awareness, as an active volunteer for the National Spit Tobacco Education Program ( NSTEP ) of Oral Health America.

Tobacco Sage was also brewed into a tea with Elk Root and the root of the Yellow Uinta water lily, and used to treat tumors and cancer.

Tobacco was common first aid.

] When he had done eating, he usually took a Kind of Chocolate, made after the Manner of the Country, that is, the Substance of the Nut beat up with the Mill till the Cup was filled more with Froth than with Liquor ; after which he used to smoak Tobacco perfum'd with liquid Amber.

there were the sales of linen and cattle to England, the cash flows from military service, and the tobacco trade that was dominated by Glasgow Tobacco Lords after 1740.

The credibility of Milloy's website junkscience. com was questioned by Paul D. Thacker, a writer for The New Republic, in the wake of evidence that Milloy had received funding from Philip Morris, RJR Tobacco, and Exxon Mobil.

John Hanson, Jr. was born at " Mulberry Grove " in Port Tobacco Parish in Charles County in the British Province of Maryland.

McVeigh's criterion for potential attack sites was that the target should house at least two of three federal law-enforcement agencies: the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives ( ATF ), the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ), or the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ).

" Tobacco in that time was frequently mixed with other herbs ( this continues with clove cigarettes to the modern day ), and opium was one component in the mixture.

Tobacco mixed with opium was called madak ( or madat ) and became popular throughout China and its seafaring trade partners ( such as Taiwan, Java and the Philippines ) in the seventeenth century.

Tobacco was introduced to Europe from the Americas in the 16th century and spread around the world rapidly.

Tobacco was the largest export crop followed by cotton.

Tobacco was widely diffused among all of the islands of the Caribbean and therefore they again encountered it in Cuba where Columbus and his men had settled.

Tobacco was originally thought to have medicinal qualities, but there were some who considered it evil.

Tobacco was popular, both for personal use and for trading with Indians and other pioneers.

This was imposed in Britain in 1990 after the US Smokeless Tobacco company attempted to bring pouches of snuff ( i. e. ground tobacco ) for oral use, called Skoal Bandits, to market.

Effective January 24, 2003, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms ( ATF ), which had been a bureau of the Department since 1972, was extensively reorganized under the provisions of the Homeland Security Act of 2002.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation had taken jurisdiction of the case away from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, saying it was a terrorism case.

With the Cairoli dead, command was assumed by John Tobacco who had retreated back with the remaining volunteers into the villa, where they continued to fire at the papal soldiers, which drew back in the evening and retired to Rome.

Tobacco was introduced to Eurasia in the late 16th century where it followed common trade routes.

The eastern terminus of the " Muskegon River Trail " was plotted at the confluence of the three branches of the Tobacco ( Assa-mo-quoi-Sepe ) River in the northwest corner of Section 12.

Tobacco farming was a popular trend until the government " buy-out " reduced the number of tobacco farms in the early part of the last decade ( 2000s ).

Tobacco was very much as part of the local economy over the years and Graves County has a rich history of the dark-fired and dark-air-cured leaf tobacco used in smokeless tobacco farming.

R. J. Reynolds and Lorillard Tobacco sued over California's antismoking campaign but their lawsuit was dismissed in July 2003.