Papua New Guinea ( PNG ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini ), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea ( the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua ) and numerous offshore islands.

Of the three official languages, English spoken by 1 %- 2 % of the population, Tok Pisin is widespread, and Hiri Motu is spoken in the Papua region, the main region in which Tok Pisin is not prevalent.

Several Austronesian or Austronesian-based languages such as Tolomako, Lihir, Manam, Bislama, and some registers of Tok Pisin have trial number in their pronouns ; no language is known with trial number in its nouns.

Port Moresby (), or Pot Mosbi in Tok Pisin, is the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea ( PNG ).

The largest of these is at Hellfire Pass ( north of the current terminus at Nam Tok ), a cutting where the greatest number of lives were lost.

Tok Pisin (; Tok Pisin ) is a creole spoken throughout Papua New Guinea.

In parts of Western, Gulf, Central, Oro Province and Milne Bay Provinces, however, the use of Tok Pisin has a shorter history, and is less universal, especially among older people.

Tok is derived from English " talk ", but has a wider application, also meaning " word ", " speech ", or " language ".

While Tok Pisin is usually referred to under this name, it is also sometimes — though rarely — called New Guinea Pidgin or, in academic contexts, Melanesian Pidgin, Melanesian Pidgin English or Neo-Melanesian.

However, Tok Pisin is favoured by many professional linguists to avoid spreading the misconception that Tok Pisin is still a pidgin language.

Although it was originally a pidgin, Tok Pisin is now considered a distinct language in its own right, because it is a first language for some people and not merely a lingua franca to facilitate communication with speakers of other languages.

The Tok Pisin language is a result of Pacific Islanders intermixing, when people speaking numerous different languages were sent to work on plantations in Queensland and various islands ( see South Sea Islander and Blackbirding ).

The flourishing of the mainly English-based Tok Pisin in German New Guinea ( despite the language of the metropolitan power being German ) is to be contrasted with Hiri Motu, the lingua franca of Papua, which was derived not from English but from Motu, the vernacular of the indigenous people of the Port Moresby area.

In, the Tok ' ra plan to implant one of their own into Adria in place of a Ba ' al clone symbiote, though in the end Adria Ascends.

Other towns include North Pole, just southeast of Fairbanks, Eagle, Tok, Glennallen, Delta Junction, Nenana, Anderson, Healy and Cantwell.

The Alcan Highway connects through Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada to the lower 48 states, or through Tok to Fairbanks or Anchorage.

Between 1954 and 1979, an 8-inch U. S. Army fuel pipeline operated from the port of Haines to Fairbanks, with a pump station in Tok.

The Glenn Highway / Tok Cut-Off and Richardson Highway provide access to the Anchorage, Fairbanks and the Lower 48.

The George Parks Highway from Anchorage to Fairbanks, the Richardson Highway from Valdez to Fairbanks, and the Tok Cut-Off from Gulkana Junction to Tok, Alaska pass through low parts of the range.

It is located on the Alaska Highway between Delta Junction and Tok.

Tok lies on a large, flat alluvial plain of the Tanana Valley between the Tanana River and the Alaska Range at an important junction of the Alaska Highway with the Glenn Highway.

The town at the present location of Tok began in 1942 as an Alaska Road Commission camp used for construction and maintenance of the Alaska Highway.

In July 1990 Tok faced extinction when a lightning-caused forest fire jumped two rivers and the Alaska Highway, putting both residents and buildings in peril.

Tok is part of the Alaska Gateway School District.

es: Tok ( Alaska )

nl: Tok ( Alaska )

During the 1950s and 1960s, another highway, the Tok Cut-Off, was constructed from a point 15 miles north of Glennallen to the community of Tok, 135 miles east on the Alaska Highway.

The modern village of Tanacross is accessible by a short access road from the Alaska Highway, and some speakers now reside in the regional center of Tok, located approximately ten miles east of the village on the highway.

Tanacross is the ancestral language of the Mansfield-Kechumstuk and Healy Lake-Joseph Village bands of Athabaskan people, whose ancestral territory encompassed an area bounded by the Goodpaster River to the west, the Alaska Range to the south, the Fortymile and Tok rivers to the east, and the Yukon Uplands to the north.

Tanacross language classes are planned at the University of Alaska regional center in Tok.

* Road: Klondike Highway ( Yukon route 2 ) from Whitehorse-open year-round ; Top of the World Highway ( Yukon route 9 ) and Taylor Highway ( Alaska route 5 ) from Tok, Alaska.

* Tok, Alaska

# REDIRECT Tok, Alaska

Driving south on The Tok Cut-Off | Alaska Tok Cutoff Highway.

# REDIRECT Tok, Alaska

This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and Scandinavian languages as dialects of Old Norse.

In Tok Pisin, the optional progressive marker follows the verb.

Tok Pisin serves as the lingua franca.

For example, the name of the creole language Tok Pisin derives from the English words talk pidgin.

Pidgins may start out as or become trade languages, such as Tok Pisin.

* June 25 – Tok Janggut, Malayan rebel leader ( b. 1853 ) ( killed in battle )

He announced his retirement from touring with a series of sell-out concerts at Wembley Arena in April 1981, supported by experimental musician Nash the Slash and Shock, a rock / mime / burlesque troupe whose members included Barbie Wilde, Tik and Tok and Carole Caplin.

Warriors was the last album Numan recorded for Beggars Banquet Records, and was supported by a 40-date UK tour ( again with support from robotic mime and music duo Tik and Tok ) – Numan's first live tour in the UK since his Wembley appearances in 1981.

The line was abandoned beyond Nam Tok Sai Yok Noi.

Between five and six million people use Tok Pisin to some degree, although by no means do all of these speak it well.

Perhaps one million people now use Tok Pisin as a primary language.

Given that Papua New Guinean anglophones almost invariably refer to Tok Pisin as Pidgin when speaking English, it may be considered something of an affectation to call it Tok Pisin, much like referring to German and French as Deutsch and français in English.