Tolkien's opinion of the relation of mythology and language is reflected in examples cited in Qenya and Noldorin, the predecessors of Quenya and Sindarin.

In any case, Ace was forced to cease publishing the unauthorized edition and to pay Tolkien for their sales following a grass-roots campaign by Tolkien's U. S. fans.

Another Vala, Aulë, creates the Dwarf race as an act of subcreation that honoured Eru Ilúvatar ( The equivalent of God in Tolkien's writings ), and which Eru accepted and made real, just as Niggle's Tree was made real.

They are sometimes compared to the work of his older contemporary J. R. R. Tolkien, but his surreal fiction was influenced by his early love for Charles Dickens and Robert Louis Stevenson rather than Tolkien's studies of mythology and philology.

A notable fictional duodecimal system was that of J. R. R. Tolkien's Elvish languages, which used duodecimal as well as decimal.

The first game released was Quest for the Rings !, with gameplay somewhat similar to Dungeons & Dragons, and a storyline reminiscent of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.

Further, Tolkien's concept of Middle-earth was to continually change and slowly evolve throughout his life and writings.

Tolkien's fictional Notion Club ( see " Sauron Defeated ") was based on the Inklings.

A soundtrack for J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings was composed by Craig Russell for the San Luis Obispo Youth Symphony.

In earlier versions of Tolkien's mythology ( see The History of Middle-earth ) it was called Angamando, the Quenya form of the name.

At the time he was cast, McKellen had never read any of Tolkien's works, but he quickly developed his knowledge of The Lord of the Rings and based his accent on Tolkien.

Glossopoeia was Tolkien's hobby for most of his life.

Another of Tolkien's favourites was Welsh, and features of Welsh phonology found their way into Sindarin.

Tolkien's map shown in The Hobbit depicts the mountain as having six ridges stretching out from a central peak that was snowcapped well into Spring.

Tolkien believed he had invented the word " hobbit " when he began writing The Hobbit ( it was revealed years after his death that the word predated Tolkien's usage, though with a different meaning ).

Tolkien noted that the capital Minas Tirith was situated on a latitude comparable to that of Venice, and the total area of Gondor as represented on Tolkien's maps was estimated by Karen Wynn Fonstad at.

The element arnach is stated to have been pre-Númenórean and thus of an unknown meaning, while loss was apparently intended to derive from an Elvish stem for " snow ", since in early Tolkien's drafts the name appears as Glossarnach .</ div >

According to one of Tolkien's outlines, Tolfalas was originally a far greater island, but in the floods following the Downfall of Númenor it " was almost destroyed, and was left at last like a barren and lonely mountain in the water ".</ div >

A special position within the South-kingdom belonged to the Prince of Dol Amroth, who ruled over a land in Belfalas but was subject to the king ; according to one of Tolkien's statements, the title was granted to the first Prince by Elendil because of their kinship.

A new turn in the narrative — extension of Frodo's journey southwards — led to elaboration of Ithilien, which was " proving a lovely land " to Tolkien's surprise.

In early writings there was no need to define it precisely, since he imagined that, beside the Valar, " many lesser spirits ... both great and small " had entered the Eä upon its creation ; and such talking and sapient creatures as the Eagles or Huan the Hound, in Tolkien's own words, " have been rather lightly adopted from less ' serious ' mythologies ".

Among the scripts " encoded " in the CSUR, Shavian and Deseret were eventually formally adopted into Unicode ; two other conscripts under consideration are Tolkien's scripts of Tengwar and Cirth.

Tolkien's conviction that the poem dates to the 8th century is defended by Tom Shippey ( 2007 ).

This is notable because the book, consisting of a seminal essay called " On Fairy-Stories " and " Leaf by Niggle ," offers the underlying philosophy ( Creation and Sub-Creation, see below ) of much of Tolkien's fantastical writings.

" Leaf by Niggle " is often seen as an allegory of Tolkien's own creative process, and, to an extent, of his own life.

But Leaf by Niggle can also be interpreted as an illustration of Tolkien's religious philosophy of creation and sub-creation.

* Tolkien on Fairy-Stories, by Verlyn Flieger and Douglas A. Anderson: " A new expanded edition of Tolkien's most famous, and most important essay, which defined his conception of fantasy as a literary form ..."( 2008 ) ISBN 978-0-00-724466-9.

As Janet Croft notes, Tolkien's literary reaction to war at this time differed from most post-war writers by eschewing irony as a method for distancing events and instead using mythology to mediate his experiences.

The Hobbit makes a warning against repeating the tragedies of World War I, and Tolkien's attitude as a veteran may well be summed up by Bilbo's comment: " Victory after all, I suppose!

Tolkien's The Silmarillion, which also contains a creation scene driven by the effect of music.

Like constructed languages in general, the study of Tolkien's languages is not typically undertaken by mainstream linguists.

Tolkien's book The Silmarillion, by Mick Pointer, Steve Rothery, and others.

Tolkien's concept of hobbits, in turn, seems to have been inspired by Edward Wyke Smith's 1927 children's book The Marvellous Land of Snergs, and by Sinclair Lewis's 1922 novel Babbitt.

" The Bard's Song-The Hobbit " is a song by the Power metal band Blind Guardian, featured in their 1992 album Somewhere Far Beyond which is based on J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit.

Tolkien's posthumously published poem " Bilbo's Last Song ", illustrated by Pauline Baynes, describes Bilbo's contemplation of his forthcoming voyage to the Undying Lands.

Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth by the end of the Third Age.

Tolkien's perception of further history of the kingdom is illustrated by The New Shadow, an experimental story that he abandoned, set during the reign of Eldarion.

; Enedhwaith: The wide land between rivers Isen and Greyflood, stated in different Tolkien's writings either to have been held by Gondor and Arnor jointly, to have been a part of the South-kingdom, or to have belonged to neither of them.

Of other Gondor posts, in Tolkien's writings appear " ministers of the Crown concerned with ' intelligence '" who surveyed the palantíri ( see below ); Captain of the Hosts, borne by future King Falastur during the reign of his father ; and Captain of Gondor and Captain-General of Gondor applied to Faramir and Boromir respectively, with the former title also given to Eärnur when he commanded the Gondor army in Arthedain prior to his crowning.

In the period of counterculture in the Western World of the 1960s and 1970s, a commune called Maos Lyst ( Mao's Delight ) was founded in Denmark in 1968, its inhabitants replacing their surnames with Kløvedal, Danish for Rivendell, inspired by Tolkien's Elven outpost.

* Laurelindorinan, another name for Lothlórien in J. R. R. Tolkien's fiction

According to the essay The Istari from the Unfinished Tales, the name Radagast means " tender of beasts " in Adûnaic, another of Tolkien's fictional languages.

His name is a compromise between Faenor ( in Tolkien's fictional language of Sindarin ) and Fëanáro, meaning " Spirit of fire " ( in Quenya, another of Tolkien's invented languages ).

In Tolkien's writings " Goblin " is just another term for orc.

Hordern had already starred as another great literary wizard, Tolkien's Gandalf, in the BBC's 1981 radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings.

Halfling is another name for J. R. R. Tolkien's Hobbit which can be a fictional race sometimes found in fantasy novels and games.

Gothmog shares his name with another of Tolkien's characters, Gothmog Lord of Balrogs, who is featured in The Silmarillion.

Books or tales named in the books, and which are said to form the source material for Tolkien's work, are in: Category: Middle-earth objects or in another suitable category.

* another word for Dúnedain in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium