Tolkien, have insisted on the traditional form of Father Christmas in preference to Santa Claus.

Glorantha shares some fantasy tropes such as dwarves, elves, trolls, giants, but has developed them differently to the more conventional versions based on the work of Tolkien.

It was also an influence on J. R. R. Tolkien, who read it a few years before it was published in 1917.

* Faith Seeking Fantasy: Tolkien on Fairy Stories, Anthony J. Kelly, Theology @ McAuley, Issue 3, Banyo Edition, February 2003-theological response to < nowiki >'</ nowiki > On Fairy-Stories < nowiki >'</ nowiki >

Tolkien: Master of Middle-earth ," which describes the impact Tolkien's writings had on him, is featured in the following titles:

Many editions of the latter work, first published in 1975, shortly after his death, list Tolkien on the cover as author rather than translator.

The general form — that of a journey into strange lands, told in a light-hearted mood and interspersed with songs — may be following the model of The Icelandic Journals by William Morris, an important literary influence on Tolkien.

Chance compares the development and growth of Bilbo against other characters to the concepts of just kingship versus sinful kingship derived from the Ancrene Wisse ( which Tolkien had written on in 1929 ) and a Christian understanding of Beowulf.

Tolkien is credited with being the first critic to expound on Beowulf as a literary work with value beyond merely historical, and his 1936 lecture Beowulf: the Monsters and the Critics is still required reading for students of Anglo-Saxon.

The heirs of Tolkien, including his son Christopher Tolkien, filed suit against New Line Cinema in February 2008 seeking payment of profits and to be " entitled to cancel ... all future rights of New Line ... to produce, distribute, and / or exploit future films based upon the Trilogy and / or the Films ... and / or ... films based on The Hobbit.

Other holdings on the seven foremost authors ( G. K. Chesterton, George MacDonald, Dorothy L. Sayers, and Inklings Owen Barfield, C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Charles Williams ) include letters, manuscripts, audio and video tapes, artwork, dissertations, periodicals, photographs, and related materials.

" Because we grew up on comic books and the Tolkien trilogy, one of the things we're interested in is bringing serial fiction to cinema ," Lana has said.

As an author, illustrator and medievalist, he helped to establish the modern fantasy genre, and was a direct influence on postwar authors such as J. R. R. Tolkien.

J. R. R. Tolkien challenges this concept in his essay " On Fairy-Stories ", choosing instead the paradigm of secondary belief based on inner consistency of reality.

The writer J. R. R. Tolkien was born in the city on 3 January 1892, though his family left South Africa following the death of his father, Arthur Tolkien, while Tolkien was still a child ( 1895 ).

Tolkien was a philologist by profession, and spent much time on his constructed languages.

Tolkien sometimes changed the " meaning " of an Elvish word, but he almost never disregarded it once invented, and he kept on refining its meaning, and countlessly forged new synonyms.

Tolkien never ceased to experiment on his constructed languages, and they were subjected to many revisions.

Humphrey Carpenter in his 1977 biography relates that Tolkien owned a postcard entitled Der Berggeist (), and on the paper cover in which he kept it, he wrote " the origin of Gandalf ".

In the same letter Tolkien states he was given the form of an old man in order to limit his powers on Earth.

Tolkien discusses the characteristics of Gandalf in his essay on the Istari, which appears in the work Unfinished Tales.

The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien ( 1937 ) is seminal, predating the lecture On Fairy-Stories by the same author by a few years.

" On Fairy-Stories " is an essay by J. R. R. Tolkien which discusses the fairy-story as a literary form.

On Fairy-Stories was subsequently published with Leaf by Niggle in Tree and Leaf, as well as in The Tolkien Reader, published in 1966.

In his essay " On Fairy-Stories ", J. R. R. Tolkien agreed with the exclusion of " fairies " from the definition, defining fairy tales as stories about the adventures of men in Faërie, the land of fairies, fairytale princes and princesses, dwarves, elves, and not only other magical species but many other marvels.

Berg was also a knowledgeable and highly regarded founding member of the Norwegian Tolkien society, Arthedain, and he translated Tolkien's books Tree and Leaf ( containing the stories Leaf by Niggle and On Fairy-Stories ) and Smith of Wootton Major into Norwegian ; both were published in 1995.

Tolkien, in his essay " On Fairy-Stories " complained of such devices as unwillingness to treat the genre seriously.

For instance, J. R. R. Tolkien, responding to the Anglo-Saxon academic debate on escapism in the 1930s, wrote in his essay " On Fairy-Stories " that escapism had an element of emancipation in its attempt to figure a different reality.

The contrasts, the evocative storyline and the themes of yearning for comfort, of brotherly affection, loyalty and struggle for freedom went over well with a wide readership that was often familiar with Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy and with folktales, and in many ways Lindgren's novel is an example of what Tolkien described as inspiration drawn from " the deeper folktale " ( in On Fairy-Stories ) and the cathartic, poignant power of such stories.

Though not well known among philosophers, his philosophical work was taken up by Owen Barfield ( and through him influenced the Inklings, an Oxford group of Christian writers that included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis ) and Richard Tarnas.

Shippey says that Tolkien knew well the translation of Boethius that was made by King Alfred and he quotes some “ Boethian ” remarks from Frodo, Treebeard and Elrond.

The Cirth (; " Runes ") are the letters of a semi-artificial script which was invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works.

So, incensed by Tolkien ’ s response, he realized that he could legally publish the trilogy and did.

In any case, Ace was forced to cease publishing the unauthorized edition and to pay Tolkien for their sales following a grass-roots campaign by Tolkien's U. S. fans.

Enya has also sung songs written entirely or partially in Welsh, Spanish, French, and even languages created by J. R. R. Tolkien.

The Romanticist movement revived literary interest in folk beliefs and culture, and elves entered the 20th-century high fantasy genre in the wake of works published by authors such as J. R. R. Tolkien.

Jacob Grimm in his Deutsches Wörterbuch deplored the " unhochdeutsch " form Elf, borrowed " unthinkingly " from the English, and Tolkien was inspired by Grimm to recommend reviving the genuinely German form in his Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings ( 1967 ) and Elb, Elben was consequently reintroduced in the 1972 German translation of The Lord of the Rings.

* The Red Book of Westmarch and a surviving copy of it called The Thain's Book, portions of which were " translated " by J. R. R. Tolkien into his books The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.

" Farmer Giles of Ham " is a Medieval fable written by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1937 and published in 1949.

The story has appeared with other works by Tolkien in omnibus editions, including The Tolkien Reader and Tales from the Perilous Realm.

Category: Books by J. R. R. Tolkien

" Leaf by Niggle " is a short story written by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1938 – 39 and first published in the Dublin Review in January 1945.

Category: Short stories by J. R. R. Tolkien

They are sometimes compared to the work of his older contemporary J. R. R. Tolkien, but his surreal fiction was influenced by his early love for Charles Dickens and Robert Louis Stevenson rather than Tolkien's studies of mythology and philology.

Such distortions of Germanic mythology were denounced by J. R. R. Tolkien, e. g. in a 1941 letter where he speaks of Hitler's corruption of "... that noble northern spirit, a supreme contribution to Europe, which I have ever loved and tried to present in its true light.

It was around this time that J. R. R. Tolkien was employed by the OED, researching etymologies of the Waggle to Warlock range ; he parodied the principal editors as " The Four Wise Clerks of Oxenford " in the story Farmer Giles of Ham.

It was initially written for presentation by Tolkien as the Andrew Lang lecture at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, in 1939.