Tolkien therefore took the stance of a translator and adaptor rather than that of the original author of his works.

Tolkien took the names of twelve of the thirteen dwarves he used in The Hobbit ( and Gandalf's name as well ) from Völuspá.

Tolkien took the name Durin, like most of the dwarf names in his work, from Norse mythology.

J. R. R. Tolkien took the name as Dwalin for one of the dwarves in The Hobbit.

J. R. R. Tolkien took the relationship of his characters Samwise Gamgee and Frodo Baggins from his observations while in military service during World War I of the relationship between a batman and his officer.

The first meeting between Shippey and Tolkien took place in 1972.

It the opening chapter of The Hobbit, Tolkien suggests that a distant Took ancestor took a Fairy for a wife, possibly accounting for their ' unexpected behaviors '.

Despite the limits of AoWEd, creative scenario makers ( also referred to as ‘ mapmakers ’) were able to draw maps with rich stories from their own imaginations, or took inspiration from classic fantasy worlds such as that of Tolkien, Dungeons & Dragons, etc.

J. R. R. Tolkien, in the legendarium surrounding his Elves, uses " Gnomes " as a name of the Noldor, the most gifted and technologically minded of his elvish races, in conscious exploitation of the similarity with gnomic ; Gnomes is thus Tolkien's English loan-translation of Quenya Noldor, " those with knowledge ".

When Lean left Oxford during 1933, the society ended, and its name was transferred by Tolkien and Lewis to their group at Magdalen College.

J. R. R. Tolkien is one of many scholars who have studied and promoted the Mercian dialect of Old English, and introduced various Mercian terms into his legendarium – especially in relation to the Kingdom of Rohan, otherwise known as the Mark ( a name cognate with Mercia ).

When writing The Hobbit in the early 1930s Tolkien gave the name Gandalf to the leader of the Dwarves, the character later called Thorin Oakenshield.

Tolkien later assigned this name to an ancient king who had ordered some spears from the dwarves.

Tolkien came to regret his ad hoc use of Old Norse name, referring to a " rabble of eddaic-named dwarves, ... invented in an idle hour " in 1937.

The name was derived from the " Great Worms " of Tolkien: Scatha and Glaurung.

Tolkien created the name from the archaic meanings of English words " fallow " and " hide ", meaning " pale skin ".

Boromir was described by Tolkien as a name " of mixed form ", and possibly combines Sindarin bor ( on )- ' steadfast ' with either Sindarin mîr or Quenya míre ' jewel '.

Tolkien intended the name Gondor to represent a sample of Sindarin, an Elven language devised by him, and within the books used by the Dúnedain for nomenclature.

A reader once asked Tolkien whether the name Gondor had been inspired by the ancient Ethiopian citadel of Gondar.

The element falas in the name of the region is a Sindarin word for " shore " or " beach ", while bel was stated by Tolkien to derive from a pre-Númenórean name of Elvish origin .</ div >

The name Lamedon was listed by Tolkien as Sindarin, but no etymology was provided .</ div >

Christopher Tolkien stated that the name, which means " black valley ", was given to it " not only because of the two high mountains between which it lay, but because through it passed the road from the Gate of the Dead Men, and living men did not go there ".</ div >

The word tarlang means " stiff neck " in Sindarin, and was stated by Tolkien to have originally been the name of the mountain ridge, later interpreted by folk as a personal name .</ div >

A Tolkien researcher H. K. Fauskanger has interpreted the name as " lovely flower-vale ".</ div >

The element arnen in the name was stated by Tolkien to have been of pre-Númenórean origin, while emyn is a Sindarin word for " hills ".< ref name =" har-lond-amon "></ div >

According to Christopher Tolkien, its name means " golden circle " and refers to the culumalda trees that surrounded it .</ div >

In the appendices of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien says the " true " or Westron form of Sam's name is Banazîr Galbasi ( also spelled Galpsi ).

Tolkien claimed to be genuinely surprised when, in March 1956, he received a letter from one Sam Gamgee, who had heard that his name was in The Lord of the Rings but had not read the book.

After publication of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien traced the origin of the name back to Gamgee and eventually the earlier English surname ' de Gamaches '.

In his role as " translator " of the Red Book of Westmarch, Tolkien devised a strict English translation, Samwís Gamwich, which develops into Samwise Gammidgy and eventually comes to Samwise Gamgee in modern English.

The courage displayed by Samwise Gamgee on his journey with Frodo, his subjection to dangers and the preparedness to die out of loyalty for Frodo is the kind of spirit that was praised by Tolkien in a number of essays on the Old English poem " The Battle of Maldon ".

For example, the Star of Elendil jewel ( Elendilmir ) is identified with the Star of the Dúnedain given to Samwise Gamgee, but Christopher Tolkien refutes this.

The connection is not certain: in Appendix F to The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien mentions, but at the same time denies, the reading of Gamgee as a pun relating to the name of Sam's wife, Rosie Cotton.

* " Coney " is used instead of the word rabbit by Samwise Gamgee and the other hobbits in J. R. R. Tolkien in The Lord of the Rings, as well as in the Monster Blood Tattoo Series, by D. M. Cornish

Tolkien later bases Lord Of The Rings character ' Sam Gamgee ' on this character as they live near to Mr Gamgee.

Shippey says that Tolkien knew well the translation of Boethius that was made by King Alfred and he quotes some “ Boethian ” remarks from Frodo, Treebeard and Elrond.

Tolkien from real-life runes.

Jacob Grimm in his Deutsches Wörterbuch deplored the " unhochdeutsch " form Elf, borrowed " unthinkingly " from the English, and Tolkien was inspired by Grimm to recommend reviving the genuinely German form in his Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings ( 1967 ) and Elb, Elben was consequently reintroduced in the 1972 German translation of The Lord of the Rings.

The story has appeared with other works by Tolkien in omnibus editions, including The Tolkien Reader and Tales from the Perilous Realm.

In The Father Christmas Letters, which Tolkien wrote for his children, Red Gnomes are helpful creatures who come from Norway to the North Pole to assist Father Christmas and his Elves in fighting the wicked Goblins.

These comprised a system for warriors, wizards and various monsters of non-human races drawn from the works of Tolkien and other sources.

Its fandom ranges from Tolkien to contemporary.

It can be found, most notably, in Tolkien's book titled Tree and Leaf, and in other places ( including the collections The Tolkien Reader, Poems & Stories, A Tolkien Miscellany, and Tales from the Perilous Realm ).

Like Niggle, Tolkien faced many chores and duties that kept him from the work he loved ; and like Niggle, Tolkien was a horrible procrastinator.

Tolkien departed from this ; his work was nominally part of the history of our own world, but did not have the close linkage to history or contemporary times that his precursors had.

Tolkien suggests that fairy stories allow the reader to review his own world from the " perspective " of a different world.

" Tolkien sees Christianity as partaking in and fulfilling the overarching mythological nature of the cosmos: " I would venture to say that approaching the Christian story from this perspective, it has long been my feeling ( a joyous feeling ) that God redeemed the corrupt making-creatures, men, in a way fitting to this aspect, as to others, of their strange nature.

Chance compares the development and growth of Bilbo against other characters to the concepts of just kingship versus sinful kingship derived from the Ancrene Wisse ( which Tolkien had written on in 1929 ) and a Christian understanding of Beowulf.

As Tolkien wrote, "... The episode of the theft arose naturally ( and almost inevitably ) from the circumstances.

Even closer to the tengwar is the Valmaric script, described in Parma Eldalamberon 14, which J. R. R. Tolkien used from about 1922 to 1925.

Tolkien, by science fiction writers like Philip K. Dick, by central figures of Western literature like Leo Tolstoy, Virgil and The Brontë sisters, and including feminist writers like Virginia Woolf, by children's literature like Alice in Wonderland, The Wind in the Willows and The Jungle Book, by Norse mythology, and by books from the Eastern tradition such as the Tao Te Ching.

The young Tolkien attempted a retelling of the story of Kullervo from the Kalevala in the style of The House of the Wolfings ; Tolkien considered much of his literary work to have been inspired by an early reading of Morris, even suggesting that he was unable to better Morris's work ; the names of characters such as " Gandolf " and the horse Silverfax appear in The Well at the World's End.

In his essay " On Fairy-Stories ", J. R. R. Tolkien agreed with the exclusion of " fairies " from the definition, defining fairy tales as stories about the adventures of men in Faërie, the land of fairies, fairytale princes and princesses, dwarves, elves, and not only other magical species but many other marvels.

In the early 30s Tolkien decided that the proto-language of the Elves was Valarin, the tongue of the gods or Valar: " The language of the Elves derived in the beginning from the Valar, but they change it even in the learning, and moreover modified and enriched it constantly at all times by their own invention.

Columbia takes its street names from famous works of art and literature: for example, the neighborhood of Hobbit's Glen takes its street names from the work of J. R. R. Tolkien ; Running Brook, from the poetry of Robert Frost ; and Clemens Crossing, from the work of Mark Twain.