I never met John Dewey, whose style was a sort of verbal fog and who had written asking me to go to Mexico with him when he was investigating the cause of Trotsky ; ;

During his trip in Russia, Chiang met Leon Trotsky and other Soviet leaders, but quickly came to the conclusion that the Russian model of government was not suitable for China.

" The decision to negotiate peace with the Germans was only reached when Lenin threatened to resign, which in turn led to a temporary coalition between Lenin's supporters and those of Trotsky and others.

Trotsky was one of the main contenders for leadership following Lenin's death.

Of these, Trotsky was the most notable one.

It was the power of the center which disturbed Trotsky and his followers.

This was not enough for Trotsky, and he wrote an article in Pravda where he condemned the Soviet leadership and the powers of the center.

Trotsky was not elected as a delegate to the 13th Party Congress ( 23 – 31 May 1924 ).

To make matters worse, Stalin began espousing his policy of socialism in one country – a policy often viewed, wrongly, as an attack on Trotsky, when it was really aimed at Zinoviev.

At the 14th Party Congress ( 18 – 31 December 1925 ) Kamenev and Zinoviev were forced into the same position that Trotsky had been forced into previously ; they proclaimed that the center was usurping power from the regional branches, and that Stalin was a danger to inner-party democracy.

In April 1926 Zinoviev was removed from the Politburo and in December, Trotsky lost his membership too.

The German stance was altered radically after 10 February when Leon Trotsky, despite the weakness of the Bolsheviks ' position, broke off negotiations, hoping revolutions would break out in the German Empire and change everything.

Trotsky, and others believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution, which was in fact shortly after the Russian Revolution spreading in the defeated central powers of Europe.

He was well known for aiding Joseph Stalin in the Military Council ( led by Leon Trotsky ), having become closely associated with Stalin during the Red Army's 1918 defense of Tsaritsyn.

This move was opposed by Anton Pannekoek and Karl Leibknecht within the SPD and by others in the International such as Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin, some of whom participated in the ' Paris Commission ' set up by the International.

Radek was part of the Left Opposition from 1923, writing his famed article ' Leon Trotsky: Organizer of Victory ' shortly after Lenin's stroke in January of that year.

Leon Trotsky (, ; – 21 August 1940 ), born Lev Davidovich Bronshtein, was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army.

Trotsky was initially a supporter of the Menshevik Internationalists faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

After leading a failed struggle of the Left Opposition against the policies and rise of Joseph Stalin in the 1920s and the increasing role of bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, Trotsky was successively removed from power ( 1927 ), expelled from the Communist Party, and finally deported from the Soviet Union ( 1929 ).

Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronshtein () on 7 November 1879, in Yanovka () or Yanivka (), in the Kherson guberniya of the Russian Empire ( today's Bereslavka (; ) in the Bobrynets Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine ), a small village from the nearest post office.

When Trotsky was nine, his father sent him to Odessa to be educated.

As Isaac Deutscher points out in his biography of Trotsky, Odessa was then a bustling cosmopolitan port city, very unlike the typical Russian city of the time.

On this issue, Trotsky said, " as this regime becomes consolidated all affairs are concentrated in the hands of a small group, sometimes only of a secretary who appoints, removes, gives the instructions, inflicts the penalties, etc.

Trotsky accused the delegates of the 12th Party Congress ( 17 – 25 April 1923 ) of being indirectly elected by the center, citing that 55. 1 % of the voting delegates at the congress were full-time members, at the previous congress only 24. 8 % of the voting-delegates were full-members.

Moreover, owing to the middle-class aspirations of much of the peasantry, Leon Trotsky proposed that the proletariat should lead the revolution, as the only way for it to be truly socialist and democratic ; although Lenin initially disagreed with Trotsky ’ s formulation, he adopted it before the Russian Revolution in October 1917.

British historian Isaac Deutscher, in his biography of Trotsky, says that on being faced with the evidence " only the blind and the deaf could be unaware of the contrast between Stalinism and Leninism ".

The only country that would grant Trotsky asylum was Turkey, in return for his help in their civil war.

With only the Leningrad delegation ( controlled by Zinoviev ) behind them, Zinoviev and Kamenev found themselves in a tiny minority and were soundly defeated while Trotsky remained silent during the Congress.

Trotsky argued that in Russia only the working class could overthrow feudalism and win the support of the peasantry.

Instead, Trotsky argued, only the ' proletariat ' or working class were capable of achieving the tasks of that ' bourgeois ' revolution.

This was the position, contrary to that of " Classical Marxism " which by that time had been further illuminated by active life, shared by Trotsky and Lenin and the Bolsheviks until 1924 when Joseph Stalin, who along with Kamenev in February 1917 had taken the Menshevik position of first the bourgeois revolution, only to be confronted by Lenin and his famous April Thesis on Lenin's return to Russia, after the death of Lenin and seeking to consolidate his growing bureaucratic control of the Bolshevik Party began to put forward the slogan of " Socialism in one country ".

Before his death in 1924, Lenin, while describing Trotsky as " distinguished not only by his exceptional abilities – personally he is, to be sure, the most able man in the present Central Committee ", and also maintaining that " his non-Bolshevik past should not be held against him ", criticized him for " showing excessive preoccupation with the purely administrative side of the work ", and also requested that Stalin be removed from his position of General Secretary, but his notes remained suppressed until 1956.

Trotsky said that only the Fourth International, basing itself on Lenin's theory of the vanguard party, could lead the world revolution, and that it would need to be built in opposition to both the capitalists and the Stalinists.

Barbusse in turn was harshly criticized for his admiration of Stalin and his propagandistic activities on behalf of Soviet Russia by his former comrade Victor Serge, who noted that Barbusse had dedicated a book to Leon Trotsky before Stalin had definitively won the power struggle against Trotsky, only to denounce Trotsky as a traitor after the latter's fall from power.

The introduction Taylor wrote was fairly sympathetic towards the Bolsheviks but also pointedly tweaked the Kremlin's nose by pointing out certain contradictions between Reed's book and the official historiography in the Soviet Union — for instance Leon Trotsky played a very prominent and heroic role in Ten Days That Shook The World while in 1963 Trotsky was almost a non-person in Soviet historiography, mentioned only in terms of abuse.

Trotsky believed that only united fronts could ultimately be progressive, and that popular fronts were useless because they included non-working class bourgeois forces such as liberals.

Trotsky, supported by left-wing members of the Communist Party, believed that socialism in Russia would only survive if the state controlled the allocation of all output.

Cárdenas was not as left-wing as Leon Trotsky and other socialists would wish, but still Trotsky described the Cárdenas's government as the only honest government in the world.

Marx and Engels do claim, as does Trotsky, that socialism is impossible in one country, but they also say that ' in all probability, the proletarian revolution will transform existing society gradually and will be able to abolish private property only when the means of production are available in sufficient quantity ' ( Engels ' The Principles of Communism, Sections 17 and 19 ).

Whereas Trotsky advocated world permanent revolution, Stalin's concept of socialism in one country became primary policy as he emerged the leader of the Soviet Union.

Under the pen name Pero (" feather " or " pen " in Russian ), Trotsky soon became one of the paper's leading authors.

Trotsky temporarily joined the Mezhraiontsy, a regional social democratic organization in St. Petersburg, and became one of its leaders.

Trotsky was one of the first Bolshevik leaders to recognize the problem and he pushed for the formation of a military council of former Russian generals that would function as an advisory body.

Conversely, Trotsky held that socialism in one country would economically constrain the industrial development of the USSR, and thus required assistance from the new socialist countries that had arisen in the developed world, which was essential for maintaining Soviet democracy, in 1924 much undermined by civil war and counter-revolution.

Stalin felt that in the new situation the policies of his former foes – Trotsky, Zinoviev, and Kamenev-was the right one.

Trotsky believed that the Russian revolution needed to be spread all over the globe's working class, the proletarians for world revolution ; Stalin insisted on consolidating Bolshevism in Russia and industrialization, " socialism in one country.

That does not, however, lessen the guilt of Leon Trotsky as one of the actors in the revolutionary drama of which Kronstadt was one of the bloodiest scenes.

It adopted a manifesto drafted by Trotsky shortly before his murder and a range of policies on the work of the International, including one calling for the reunification of the then-divided Fourth Internationalist groups in Britain.

Trotsky was also denounced for his theory of permanent revolution which contradicted Stalin's position that socialism could be built in one country, Russia, without a worldwide revolution.

In the 1920s, there was a great debate between Bukharin, Tomsky and Rykov on the one hand, and Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev on the other.

( The revolutionaries thought him no better ; Leon Trotsky, on more than one occasion, levelled high-profile criticism at Thomas.

They were bloodily destroyed or sent into Siberian slavery by Communist troops led in person by the Commissar of War, Leon Trotsky, and by Marshal Tukhachevsky, one of whom was later assassinated, the other executed, by the regime they then saved.

While holidaying in Europe during 1930, he became the first American to visit Trotsky in exile, on an island called Prinkipo in Russian, one of the Princes ' Islands near Istanbul, Turkey.

It had been known that the murderer of Trotsky had been a boyfriend of one of his secretaries, who was introduced to her by a Stalinist agent in France.

They also reject Trotskyism and its " Permanent Revolution " as " hypocritical " by arguing that Leon Trotsky himself had at one time thought it acceptable that socialism could work in a single country as long as that country was industrialized, but that Trotsky had considered Russia too backward to achieve such industrialization – what it later in fact did achieve, mostly through his archenemy Joseph Stalin's Five Year Plans.

The call for a Fifth International expressed the League's view that the Fourth International, founded by Leon Trotsky in 1938, had degenerated into non-revolutionary fragments since the end of the Second World War and now a new international must be built, with new forces, but one that expressed continuity with the Trotskyist tradition.